Browsing by Author "Violato, Claudio"
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- ItemOpen AccessA construct validity study of clinical competence of physicians: a multitrait multimethod approach(2007) Baig, Lubna Ansari; Violato, Claudio; Donnon, Tyrone L.
- ItemOpen AccessA latent variable path analysis of the development of pedophilia and its associated pathologies(1998) Oddone Paolucci, Elizabeth; Violato, Claudio
- ItemOpen AccessA longitudinal study of medical school curricula on student performance on the United States medical licensing examination, 1992-1999: a multi-level, multivariate study(2007) Hecker, Kenton G.; Violato, Claudio; Donnon, Tyrone L.; Lockyer, Jocelyn
- ItemOpen AccessA meta-analysis of published research on the effects of non-maternal care on child development(1998) Russell, Clare M.; Violato, Claudio
- ItemOpen AccessA stepwise discriminant analysis of suicidal and non-suicidal incarcerated young offenders: implications from attachment theory(1993) Raab, Verna C.; Violato, Claudio
- ItemOpen AccessAdoption and attachment: a study of attachment in young adult adoptees(2003) Paperny, Raechelle D.; Violato, ClaudioExtrapolating from the central tenets of attachment theory and research, the present study investigated the implications for the adoption experience on the developing security and pattern of attachment relationships. Differences between adoptee and non-adoptee attachment classifications were explored, and classification differences were analyzed based on their relationship with demographic and theoretically relevant variables. A sample of 34 late adolescent to young-adult adoptee volunteers (20 females, 14 males), ranging from 17 to 32 years of age, were recruited. They were administered the Adult Attachment Interview, the Adult Attachment Projective, and asked questions relating to their adoptions. The sample's distribution of Adult Attachment Projective classifications was compared to norms of community and clinical samples. Consistent with the implications from attachment theory and research, the adoptee distribution differed significantly from that expected for a non-adopted, non-clinical sample (p:S.0001). Furthermore, several features of the distribution pattern were also consistent with projections from attachment theory and research. First, the rate of secure or Autonomous attachment is significantly lower than expected (E) (15%, E = 52%). Second, Dismissing attachment, the most common form of insecurity in normative samples, is nearly absent in this sample (6%, E = 18%). Third, both the Preoccupied (47%, E = 11 %) and the atypical Unresolved/Disorganized (32%, E = 19%) attachment classifications are overrepresented in this sample relative to the comparison norms. These adoptees resembled a clinical sample in their distribution of attachment patterns. Between classification group differences were analyzed by examining their relationship with the following variables: age, gender, age at adoption, professional status, relationship status, parenting status, search for birth family/outcome, counseling experience, and subsequent threats to attachm~nt (loss, trauma, abuse, rejection, and separation). None of these analyses supported an association between any of the independent variables and classification group differences. The findings from this study support the theory that adoptees are at greater risk for insecure attachments than their non-adopted counterparts. It is recommended that future studies make further attempts to identify the source/s of these differences.
- ItemOpen AccessAn empirical investigation of the attachment doll play: a tool for assessing the internal working models of young children(1998) Pugliese, Mirella; Violato, Claudio
- ItemOpen AccessAn exploration of attachment and phonological processing(2004) Irwin, Helen T.; Violato, ClaudioThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment security and phonological processing skills of young children. The Attachment Doll Play tool was the projective instrument used to assess the internal working models and attachment security of 48 five- and six- year-olds. Based on story narratives, children were classified as either secure (confident), avoidant (casual), ambivalent (busy), or disorganized (frightened). Attachment classifications were compared to levels of phonological processing using the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (C-TOPP). The main findings indicated that: 1) the classification distribution replicated previous attachment classification research, with the exception of the original Attachment Doll Play study (Solomon, George, & de Jong, 1995), 2) inter-rater reliability of this study was better than the original Attachment Doll Play study, and 3) there was a statistically significant difference between lower phonological processing scores and children classified as insecurely attached (F(2,41) = 4.4, .Q = .02]. In sum, results from this study suggest that attachment plays an important role in the development of phonological processing skills in young children and the Attachment Doll Play is a promising tool for assessing the internal working models of young children.
- ItemOpen AccessAssessment of communication, professional and surgical skills in an objective structured performance related examination (OSPRE): a psychometric study(2008) Ponton-Carss, Alicia; Violato, Claudio; Donnon, Tyrone L.
- ItemOpen AccessChildhood indicators of developing anti-social personality disorder: a meta-analysis of published research(2001) Nottell, April N.; Violato, Claudio
- ItemOpen AccessChildhood victims of peer aggression: individual, familial and peer factors(2002) Beran, Tanya N.; Violato, Claudio
- ItemOpen AccessDemand/withdraw communication and attachment in couple relationships(2003) Fetherston, Kathleen Marie; Violato, Claudio
- ItemOpen AccessThe development of a knowledge test of depression and its treatment for patients suffering from non-psychotic depression: a psychometric assessment(BioMed Central, 2009-09-15) Gabriel, Adel; Violato, Claudio
- ItemOpen AccessEffect of physician-patient communication on patient satisfaction, psychological adjustment, and adherence of oncology patients: a meta-analysis of the published research(2003) Collin, Victoria Terri; Violato, Claudio; Donnon, Tyrone L.; Beran, Tara
- ItemOpen AccessEfficacy of cognitive-behavioral, pharmacological, and combined treatments of depression: a meta-analysis(2006) Chan, Eric King-Hay; Violato, Claudio
- ItemOpen AccessEgo identity development in physicians: a cross-cultural comparison using a mixed method approach(BioMed Central, 2012-05-23) Beran, Tanya; Violato, Efrem; Faremo, Sonia; Violato, Claudio; Watt, David; Lake, Deidre
- ItemOpen AccessEvaluating the effectiveness of parent training to improve outcomes for young children: a meta-analytic review of the published research(2003) Comfort, Colin Bryce; Violato, ClaudioParent training has been frequently touted as a measure to reduce such problems as aggression, and child abuse and neglect, as well as to enhance developmental outcomes for all children, not just those at risk for future problems or those with identified problems. The preschool years have been targeted as an opportune juncture at which to train parents insofar as parents still wield much influence and problems may be resolved before becoming entrenched. However, despite the availability of a large number of parent training studies, few conclusions have been reached regarding the basic question, "What works for whom, when?" This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of parent training for children between the ages two and five as a means to enhance child outcomes and examined variables related to the differential impact of parent training. 140 effects (106 controlled, 34 single group) from 94 studies were compiled. The overall mean effect of parent training (effect size = 0.51) was positive and highly significant. Effects were maintained at approximately one year (12.6 months on average) followup (effect size= 0.52). Greater effects were found for stand-alone PT programs and for programs with very low levels of attrition. When outcomes were limited to parent reports of child externalizing behaviour, better effects were found for: 1) referred, as opposed to community samples, 2) individual, as opposed to group formatted programs, and, 3) children identified with externalizing behaviour problems as opposed to children with no identified problem. Mixed findings emerged when type of sample was considered, such that indicated samples obtained better outcomes than selective samples on parent reports of externalizing behaviour but significantly worse outcomes on cognitive/language measures. When the theoretical orientation of programs was considered, there was no evidence of differential effectiveness. Various instructional techniques used in parent training were not differentially effective, with the exception of some evidence of enhanced effect when a "bug-in-the-ear" device was used. This meta-analysis strengthens conclusions in the current literature, and extends our understanding of theoretically and/or clinically relevant variables associated with effective parent training.
- ItemOpen Access"Everybody is looking at me": imaginary audience, identity and social context(2002) VanderWerf, Jeffrey Peter; Violato, ClaudioThe relationships between the imaginary audience and identity development, gender and the social educational context were explicated. One hundred and nineteen post secondary students (mean age 22.57, 100 females, 19 males) completed the Extended Objective Measure of Ego-Identity Status, Adolescent Egocentrism Scale and New Imaginary Audience Scale. Demographic information was also collected. ANOV AS, t-tests and correlations were run to investigate group differences in imaginary audience effects based on gender, identity status and social context (primarily educational status: newer vs. more experienced students). Two results contradict earlier studies: there was no significant difference based on gender, and non-crisis identity statuses (foreclosure and diffusion) showed greater audience effects than crisis identity statuses (moratorium and achievement). Some direct and indirect support was found for the hypothesis that social context plays a role in creating the imaginary audience.
- ItemOpen AccessExploratory study of primary healthcare providers' feeling of comfort with caring for terminally III patients using multiple regression and structural equation modeling(2009) Palacios Mackay, Maria Felisa; Violato, Claudio
- ItemOpen AccessGender differences in suicidality, violence potential, and drug and alcohol abuse in an adolescent psychiatric sample(1995) Broadfoot, Angela; Violato, ClaudioGender differences and age trends in suicidality, violence potential, and drug and alcohol abuse were examined in an adolescent psychiatric sample .. Archival data from 681 subjects, aged 12-19 years, were analyzed. Contingency tables using chi-square test statistic were used to test for significance between gender and age on selected variables (p=0.05). Significant gender differences emerged for variables suicide potential (p<0.01 ), violence potential (p<0.01 ), and drug abuse (p<0.01 ). Females were more likely than males to attempt suicide and abuse drugs, and were less likely to display violent behaviour than males. Significant differences in age trends emerged on variables suicide potential (p<0.01 ), alcohol abuse (p<0.01), and drug abuse (p<0.02). Older adolescents (> 16.1 years) were more likely on all variables to attempt suicide and abuse alcohol and drugs compared to the younger age groups (12.1-14.9 years and 15.0-16.0 years). These age and gender related differences are discussed within current prevalence rates of adolescent suicide and theories of suicidality.
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