Browsing by Author "Patten, Scott B"

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    A comparison of recommendations and received treatment for mood and anxiety disorders in a representative national sample
    (2017-05-02) Woolf, Benjamin A R; Williams, Jeanne V A; Lavorato, Dina H; Bulloch, Andrew G M; Patten, Scott B
    Abstract Background The exact nature of treatment and management recommendations made, and received, for mood and anxiety disorders in a community population is unclear. In addition, there is limited evidence on the impact of recommendations on actual receipt of treatment or implementation of management strategies. We aim to describe the frequency with which specific recommendations were made and implemented; and thus assess the size of any gap between the recommendation and implementation of treatments and management strategies. Methods We used the Survey ‘Living with a Chronic Condition in Canada - Mood and Anxiety Disorders (SLCDC-MA), a unique crossectional survey of a large (N = 3358) and representative sample of Canadians with a diagnosed mood or anxiety disorder, which was conducted by Statistics Canada. The survey collected information on recommendations for medication, counselling, exercise, reduction of alcohol consumption, smoking cessation and reduction of street drug use. We also estimate the frequency that recommendations are made and followed, as well the impact of the prior on the latter. We consulted people with lived experience of the disorders to help interpret our results. Results The results generally showed that most people would receive recommendations, almost all for antidepressant medications (94.6%), with lower proportions for the other treatment and management strategies (e.g. 62.1 and 66% for counselling and exercise). Most recommendations were implemented and had an impact on behaviour. The exception to this was smoking reduction/cessation, which was often not recommended or followed through. Other than with medication, at least 20% of the population, for each recommendation, would not have their recommendation implemented. A substantive group also exists who access treatments, and employ various management strategies, without a recommendation. Conclusions The results indicate that there is a gap between recommendations made and the implementation of treatments. However, its size varies substantially across treatments.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Association between delirium in the intensive care unit and subsequent neuropsychiatric disorders
    (2020-07-31) Brown, Kyla N; Soo, Andrea; Faris, Peter; Patten, Scott B; Fiest, Kirsten M; Stelfox, Henry T
    Abstract Background Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are known to be at increased risk of developing delirium, but the risk of subsequent neuropsychiatric disorders is unclear. We therefore sought to examine the association between the presence of delirium in the ICU and incident neuropsychiatric disorders (including depressive, anxiety, trauma-and-stressor-related, and neurocognitive disorders) post-ICU stay among adult medical-surgical ICU patients. Methods Retrospective cohort study utilizing clinical and administrative data from both inpatient and outpatient healthcare visits to identify the ICU cohort and diagnostic information 5 years prior to and 1 year post-ICU stay. Patients ≥ 18 years of age admitted to one of 14 medical-surgical ICUs across Alberta, Canada, January 1, 2014–June 30, 2016, and survived to hospital discharge were included. The main outcome of interest was a new diagnosis of any neuropsychiatric disorder 1 year post-ICU stay. The exposure variable was delirium during the ICU stay identified through any positive delirium screen by the Intensive Care Unit Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) during the ICU stay. Results Of 16,005 unique patients with at least one ICU admission, 4033 patients were included in the study of which 1792 (44%) experienced delirium during their ICU stay. The overall cumulative incidence of any neuropsychiatric disorder during the subsequent year was 19.7% for ICU patients. After adjusting for hospital characteristics using log-binomial regression, patients with delirium during the ICU stay had a risk ratio (RR) of 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98–1.33) of developing any neuropsychiatric disorder within 1 year post-ICU compared to those who did not experience delirium. Delirium was significantly associated with neurocognitive disorders (RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.08–2.35), but not depressive disorders (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.92–1.45), anxiety (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.92–1.47), and trauma-and-stressor-related (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.53–1.28) disorders. Conclusions The diagnosis of new onset of neurocognitive disorders is associated with ICU-acquired delirium. In this study, significant associations were not observed for depressive, anxiety, and trauma-and-stressor-related disorders.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Discriminative ability of quality of life measures in multiple sclerosis
    (2017-12-21) Fiest, Kirsten M; Greenfield, Jamie; Metz, Luanne M; Patten, Scott B; Jetté, Nathalie; Marrie, Ruth Ann
    Abstract Background Though many people with multiple sclerosis (MS) have comorbidities, the use of generic and disease-specific health related quality of life (HRQOL) scales to discriminate the effects of comorbidity has not been established. The utility of these scales to discriminate differences between persons with varying levels of disability is also unknown. Methods Using online questionnaires, a convenience sample of Albertans with MS was recruited between July 2011 and March 2013. Participants completed demographic questions, a validated comorbidity questionnaire, a self-reported disability scale, and the following HRQOL scales: the Short Form (SF)-36, SF-6D, Health Utilities Index-Mark III (HUI-III), and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54). The ability of each HRQOL scale to distinguish between comorbidity groups was assessed using a one-way analysis of covariance, adjusting for age, sex, disease course, and disability level. Results Five hundred sixty three participants completed all relevant questionnaires. All HRQOL measures distinguished between persons with or without depression, while none were able to distinguish between participants with or without hypertension, thyroid disease, irritable bowel syndrome, or osteoporosis. The SF-36 physical scale, SF-6D, HUI-III, and MSQOL-54 physical scales were able to distinguish between all disability groups, though the HUI-III was better able to distinguish between individuals with moderate versus severe disability. Conclusions Disease-specific measures would discriminate better between those with and without comorbidities than generic-specific measures and the HUI-III would discriminate best between persons with differing severities of disability. Generic or disease-specific measures may be useful in future studies examining the effects of comorbidity in MS and the effects of treatment of comorbidities in MS.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Erratum to: Methods for evaluating medical tests and biomarkers
    (2017-03-30) Gopalakrishna, Gowri; Langendam, Miranda; Scholten, Rob; Bossuyt, Patrick; Leeflang, Mariska; Noel-Storr, Anna; Thomas, James; Marshall, Iain; Wallace, Byron; Whiting, Penny; Davenport, Clare; Leeflang, Mariska; GopalaKrishna, Gowri; de Salis, Isabel; Mallett, Sue; Wolff, Robert; Whiting, Penny; Riley, Richard; Westwood, Marie; Kleinen, Jos; Collins, Gary; Reitsma, Hans; Moons, Karel; Zapf, Antonia; Hoyer, Annika; Kramer, Katharina; Kuss, Oliver; Ensor, J.; Deeks, J. J; Martin, E. C; Riley, R. D; Rücker, Gerta; Steinhauser, Susanne; Schumacher, Martin; Riley, Richard; Ensor, Joie; Snell, Kym; Willis, Brian; Debray, Thomas; Moons, Karel; Deeks, Jon; Collins, Gary; di Ruffano, Lavinia F; Willis, Brian; Davenport, Clare; Mallett, Sue; Taylor-Phillips, Sian; Hyde, Chris; Deeks, Jon; Mallett, Sue; Taylor, Stuart A; Batnagar, Gauraang; Taylor-Phillips, Sian; Di Ruffano, Lavinia F; Seedat, Farah; Clarke, Aileen; Deeks, Jon; Byron, Sarah; Nixon, Frances; Albrow, Rebecca; Walker, Thomas; Deakin, Carla; Hyde, Chris; Zhelev, Zhivko; Hunt, Harriet; di Ruffano, Lavinia F; Yang, Yaling; Abel, Lucy; Buchanan, James; Fanshawe, Thomas; Shinkins, Bethany; Wynants, Laure; Verbakel, Jan; Van Huffel, Sabine; Timmerman, Dirk; Van Calster, Ben; Leeflang, Mariska; Zwinderman, Aeliko; Bossuyt, Patrick; Oke, Jason; O’Sullivan, Jack; Perera, Rafael; Nicholson, Brian; Bromley, Hannah L; Roberts, Tracy E; Francis, Adele; Petrie, Denniis; Mann, G. B; Malottki, Kinga; Smith, Holly; Deeks, Jon; Billingham, Lucinda; Sitch, Alice; Mallett, Sue; Deeks, Jon; Gerke, Oke; Holm-Vilstrup, Mie; Segtnan, Eivind A; Halekoh, Ulrich; Høilund-Carlsen, Poul F; Francq, Bernard G; Deeks, Jon; Sitch, Alice; Dinnes, Jac; Parkes, Julie; Gregory, Walter; Hewison, Jenny; Altman, Doug; Rosenberg, William; Selby, Peter; Asselineau, Julien; Perez, Paul; Paye, Aïssatou; Bessede, Emilie; Proust-Lima, Cécile; Naaktgeboren, Christiana; de Groot, Joris; Rutjes, Anne; Bossuyt, Patrick; Reitsma, Johannes; Moons, Karel; Collins, Gary; Ogundimu, Emmanuel; Cook, Jonathan; Le Manach, Yannick; Altman, Doug; Wynants, Laure; Vergouwe, Yvonne; Van Huffel, Sabine; Timmerman, Dirk; Van Calster, Ben; Pajouheshnia, Romin; Groenwold, Rolf; Moons, Karen; Reitsma, Johannes; Peelen, Linda; Van Calster, Ben; Nieboer, Daan; Vergouwe, Yvonne; De Cock, Bavo; Pencina, Micael J; Steyerberg, Ewout W; Cooper, Jennifer; Taylor-Phillips, Sian; Parsons, Nick; Stinton, Chris; Smith, Steve; Dickens, Andy; Jordan, Rachel; Enocson, Alexandra; Fitzmaurice, David; Sitch, Alice; Adab, Peymane; Francq, Bernard G; Boachie, Charles; Vidmar, Gaj; Freeman, Karoline; Connock, Martin; Taylor-Phillips, Sian; Court, Rachel; Clarke, Aileen; de Groot, Joris; Naaktgeboren, Christiana; Reitsma, Hans; Moons, Carl; Harris, Jessica; Mumford, Andrew; Plummer, Zoe; Lee, Kurtis; Reeves, Barnaby; Rogers, Chris; Verheyden, Veerle; Angelini, Gianni D; Murphy, Gavin J; Huddy, Jeremy; Ni, Melody; Good, Katherine; Cooke, Graham; Bossuyt, Patrick; Hanna, George; Ma, Jie; Altman, Doug; Collins, Gary; Moons, K. G M (; de Groot, Joris A H; Mallett, Sue; Altman, Doug G; Reitsma, Johannes B; Collins, Gary S; Moons, Karel G M; Altman, Douglas G; Reitsma, Johannes B; Collins, Gary S; Kamarudin, Adina N; Kolamunnage-Dona, Ruwanthi; Cox, Trevor; Ni, Melody; Huddy, Jeremy; Borsci, Simone; Hanna, George; Pérez, Teresa; Pardo, M.Carmen; Candela-Toha, Angel; Muriel, Alfonso; Zamora, Javier; Sanghera, Sabina; Mohiuddin, Syed; Martin, Richard; Donovan, Jenny; Coast, Joanna; Seo, Mikyung K; Cairns, John; Mitchell, Elizabeth; Smith, Alison; Wright, Judy; Hall, Peter; Messenger, Michael; Calder, Nicola; Wickramasekera, Nyantara; Vinall-Collier, Karen; Lewington, Andrew; Pajouheshnia, Romin; Damen, Johanna; Groenwold, Rolf; Moons, Karel; Peelen, Linda; Messenger, Michael; Cairns, David; Smith, Alison; Hutchinson, Michelle; Wright, Judy; Hall, Peter; Calder, Nicola; Sturgeon, Cathie; Mitchel, Liz; Kift, Rebecca; Christakoudi, Sofia; Rungall, Manohursingh; Mobillo, Paula; Montero, Rosa; Tsui, Tjir-Li; Kon, Sui P; Tucker, Beatriz; Sacks, Steven; Farmer, Chris; Strom, Terry; Chowdhury, Paramit; Rebollo-Mesa, Irene; Hernandez-Fuentes, Maria; Damen, Johanna A A G; Debray, Thomas P A; Heus, Pauline; Hooft, Lotty; Moons, Karel G M; Pajouheshnia, Romin; Reitsma, Johannes B; Scholten, Rob J P M; Damen, Johanna A A G; Hooft, Lotty; Schuit, Ewoud; Debray, Thomas P A; Collins, Gary S; Tzoulaki, Ioanna; Lassale, Camille M; Siontis, George C M; Chiocchia, Virginia; Roberts, Corran; Schlüssel, Michael M; Gerry, Stephen; Black, James A; Heus, Pauline; van der Schouw, Yvonne T; Peelen, Linda M; Moons, Karel G M; Damen, Johanna A A G; Debray, Thomas P A; Heus, Pauline; Hooft, Lotty; Moons, Karel G M; Pajouheshnia, Romin; Reitsma, Johannes B; Scholten, Rob J P M; Ma, Jie; Altman, Doug; Collins, Gary; Spence, Graeme; McCartney, David; van den Bruel, Ann; Lasserson, Daniel; Hayward, Gail; Vach, Werner; de Jong, Antoinette; Burggraaff, Coreline; Hoekstra, Otto; Zijlstra, Josée; de Vet, Henrica; Hunt, Harriet; Hyde, Chris; Graziadio, Sara; Allen, Joy; Johnston, Louise; O’Leary, Rachel; Power, Michael; Allen, Joy; Graziadio, Sara; Johnson, Louise; O’Leary, Rachel; Power, Michael; Waters, Ray; Simpson, John; Johnston, Louise; Allen, Joy; Graziadio, Sara; O’Leary, Rachel; Waters, Ray; Power, Michael; Mallett, Sue; Fanshawe, Thomas R; Phillips, Peter; Plumb, Andrew; Helbren, Emma; Halligan, Steve; Taylor, Stuart A; Gale, Alastair; Mallett, Sue; Sekula, Peggy; Altman, Douglas G; Sauerbrei, Willi; Mallett, Sue; Fanshawe, Thomas R; Forman, Julia R; Dutton, Susan J; Takwoingi, Yemisi; Hensor, Elizabeth M; Nichols, Thomas E; Shinkins, Bethany; Yang, Yaling; Abel, Lucy; Di Ruffano, Lavinia F; Fanshawe, Thomas; Kempf, Emmanuelle; Porcher, Raphael; de Beyer, Jennifer; Moons, Karel; Altman, Douglas; Reitsma, Hans; Hopewell, Sally; Sauerbrei, Willi; Collins, Gary; Dennis, John; Shields, Beverley; Jones, Angus; Henley, William; Pearson, Ewan; Hattersley, Andrew; Heus, Pauline; Damen, Johanna A A G; Pajouheshnia, Romin; Scholten, Rob J P M; Reitsma, Johannes B; Collins, Gary S; Altman, Douglas G; Moons, Karel G M; Hooft, Lotty; Shields, Beverley; Dennis, John; Jones, Angus; Henley, William; Pearson, Ewan; Hattersley, Andrew; Scheibler, Fueloep; Rummer, Anne; Sturtz, Sibylle; Großelfinger, Robert; Banister, Katie; Ramsay, Craig; Azuara-Blanco, Augusto; Cook, Jonathan; Boachie, Charles; Burr, Jennifer; Kumarasamy, Manjula; Bourne, Rupert; Uchegbu, Ijeoma; Borsci, Simone; Murphy, Jennifer; Hanna, George; Uchegbu, Ijeoma; Carter, Alex; Murphy, Jen; Ni, Melody; Marti, Joachim; Eatock, Julie; Uchegbu, Ijeoma; Robotham, Julie; Dudareva, Maria; Gilchrist, Mark; Holmes, Alison; Uchegbu, Ijeoma; Borsci, Simone; Monaghan, Phillip; Lord, Sarah; StJohn, Andrew; Sandberg, Sverre; Cobbaert, Christa; Lennartz, Lieselotte; Verhagen-Kamerbeek, Wilma; Ebert, Christoph; Bossuyt, Patrick; Horvath, Andrea; Jenniskens, Kevin; Naaktgeboren, Christiana; Reitsma, Johannes; Moons, Karel; de Groot, Joris; Hyde, Chris; Peters, Jaime; Grigore, Bogdan; Peters, Jaime; Hyde, Chris; Hyde, Chris; Ukoumunne, Obi; Peters, Jaime; Zhelev, Zhivko; Levis, Brooke; Benedetti, Andrea; Levis, Alexander W; Ioannidis, John P A; Shrier, Ian; Cuijpers, Pim; Gilbody, Simon; Kloda, Lorie A; McMillan, Dean; Patten, Scott B; Steele, Russell J; Ziegelstein, Roy C; Bombardier, Charles H; Osório, Flavia d L; Fann, Jesse R; Gjerdingen, Dwenda; Lamers, Femke; Lotrakul, Manote; Loureiro, Sonia R; Löwe, Bernd; Shaaban, Juwita; Stafford, Lesley; van Weert, Henk C P M; Whooley, Mary A; Williams, Linda S; Wittkampf, Karin A; Yeung, Albert S; Thombs, Brett D; Peters, Jaime; Cooper, Chris; Buchanan, James; Nieto, Tom; Smith, Claire; Tucker, Olga; Dretzke, Janine; Beggs, Andrew; Rai, Nirmala; Davenport, Clare; Bayliss, Sue; Stevens, Simon; Snell, Kym; Mallet, Sue; Deeks, Jon; Sundar, Sudha; Hall, Emma; Porta, Nuria; Estelles, David L; de Bono, Johann
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Estimating annual prevalence of depression and anxiety disorder in multiple sclerosis using administrative data
    (2017-11-25) Marrie, Ruth A; Walld, Randy; Bolton, James M; Sareen, Jitender; Walker, John R; Patten, Scott B; Singer, Alexander; Lix, Lisa M; Hitchon, Carol A; El-Gabalawy, Renée; Katz, Alan; Fisk, John D; Bernstein, Charles N
    Abstract Objective Researchers have developed case definitions to estimate incidence and lifetime prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders in multiple sclerosis (MS) using administrative data. For policymakers however, the prevalence of a disease requiring ongoing treatment during a given period such as annual period prevalence may be more relevant for decision-making. We tested a case definition for annual period prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders in MS using administrative data. Results Using population-based administrative (health claims) data from Manitoba, Canada we identified 1922 persons with incident MS from 1989 to 2012, and 11,392 age, sex and geographically-matched controls from the general population. As compared to controls, MS patients had an elevated annual prevalence ratio of depression (1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64, 1.91), and anxiety disorders (1.46; 95% CI 1.35, 1.58). The annual prevalence of depression in our matched cohort was similar to that observed in the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey, although the annual prevalence of anxiety was slightly higher. Administrative data can be used to estimate the annual period prevalence of psychiatric disorders in MS.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Embargo
    Generalizability of the Dual Vulnerability Model to Age-modified Risk Factors of Depression
    (2021-07-12) Lukmanji, Aysha; Patten, Scott B; Ortega, Iliana; Kopala-Sibley, Daniel
    Background: The association between seasonality and depression has been demonstrated to decrease with age. This age modification has also been observed between seasonal changes and nine depressive symptoms as hypothesized by the Dual Vulnerability Model. This model posits that due to seasonal changes certain individuals have a biological vulnerability to develop somatic symptoms, and of individuals with this biological vulnerability a smaller subset will have a cognitive vulnerability. These individuals will then develop affective symptoms and consequently depression. The first objective of this study is to determine a set of risk factors for depression that exhibit age modification. The second objective is to determine if modification by age, in situations where risk factors show stronger effects in young people, is aligned with the DVM.Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Canadian Community Health Survey was used for analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess age modification in the association between 10 risk factors and depression as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Then, logistic regression analysis was used to determine if there was an age-modified association between risk factors and symptoms of depression as measured by each item of the PHQ-9. This symptom-specific analysis was only conducted for risk factors that exhibited an age-modified association with depression overall.Results: Only sex and binge drinking exhibited age modification with overall depressive symptoms, where the association declined with age. For sex, symptoms of feeling depressed, poor/enhanced appetite, and low self-esteem exhibited age modification. For binge drinking, symptoms of feeling tired and appetite changes exhibited age modification. The association between binge drinking or sex with these symptoms was stronger in adolescents and young adults and diminished with age. Conclusions: The age modification for sex and binge drinking did not align with the DVM suggesting that the DVM may be a somewhat specific characteristic of seasonal depression.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Global assessment of migraine severity measure: preliminary evidence of construct validity
    (2019-04-04) Sajobi, Tolulope T; Amoozegar, Farnaz; Wang, Meng; Wiebe, Natalie; Fiest, Kirsten M; Patten, Scott B; Jette, Nathalie
    Abstract Background In persons with migraine, severity of migraine is an important determinant of several health outcomes (e.g., patient quality of life and health care resource utilization). This study investigated how migraine patients rate the severity of their disease and how these ratings correlate with their socio-demographic, clinical, and psycho-social characteristics. Methods This is a cohort of 263 adult migraine patients consecutively enrolled in the Neurological Disease and Depression Study (NEEDs). We obtained a broad range of clinical and patient-reported measures (e.g., patients’ ratings of migraine severity using the Global Assessment of Migraine Severity (GAMS), and migraine-related disability, as measured by the Migraine Disability Scale (MIDAS)). Depression was measured using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Median regression analysis was used to examine the predictors of patient ratings of migraine severity. Results The mean age for the patients was 42.5 years (SD = 13.2). While 209 (79.4%) patients were females, 177 (67.4%) participants reported “moderately severe” to “extremely severe” migraine on the GAMS, and 100 (31.6%) patients had chronic migraine. Patients’ report of severity on the GAMS was strongly correlated with patients’ ratings of MIDAS global severity question, overall MIDAS score, migraine type, PHQ-9 score, and frequency of migraine attacks. Mediation analyses revealed that MIDAS mediated the effect of depression on patient ratings of migraine severity, accounting for about 32% of the total effect of depression. Overall, migraine subtype, frequency of migraine, employment status, depression, and migraine-related disability were statistically significant predictors of patient-ratings of migraine severity. Conclusions This study highlights the impact of clinical and psychosocial determinants of patient-ratings of migraine severity. GAMS is a brief and valid tool that can be used to assess migraine severity in busy clinical settings.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Hospital treatment costs and length of stay associated with hypertension and multimorbidity after hemorrhagic stroke
    (2017-08-10) Specogna, Adrian V; Turin, Tanvir C; Patten, Scott B; Hill, Michael D
    Abstract Background Previous studies have identified various treatment and patient characteristics that may be associated with higher hospital cost after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH); a devastating type of stroke. Patient morbidity is perhaps the least understood of these cost-driving factors. We describe how hypertension and other patient morbidities affect length of stay, and hospital treatment costs after ICH using primary and simulated data. We also describe the relationship between cost and length of stay within these patients. Methods We used a cohort design; evaluating 987 consecutive ICH patients across one decade in a Canadian center. Economic, treatment, and patient data were obtained from clinical and administrative sources. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of one or more diagnoses at hospital admission in addition to a primary diagnosis of ICH. Results Hypertension was the most frequent (67%) morbidity within these patients, as well as the strongest predictor of longer stay (adjusted RR for >7 days: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.07-1.60), and was significantly associated with higher cost per visit when accounting for other morbidities (adjusted cost increase for hypertension $8123.51, 95% CI: $4088.47 to $12,856.72 USD). A Monte Carlo simulation drawing one million samples of patients estimated for a generation (100 years) assuming 0.94% population growth per year, and a hospitalization rate of 12 per 100,000 inhabitants, supported these findings (p = 0.516 for the difference in unadjusted cost: simulated vs primary). Using a restricted cubic spline, we observed that the rate of change in overall cost for all patients was greatest for the first 3 weeks (p < 0.001) compared to subsequent weeks. Conclusion Patient multimorbidity, specifically hypertension, is a strong predictor of longer stay and cost after ICH. The non-linear relationship between cost and time should also be considered when forecasting healthcare spending in these patients.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Methods for Evaluating Medical Tests and Biomarkers
    (2017-02-16) Gopalakrishna, Gowri; Langendam, Miranda; Scholten, Rob; Bossuyt, Patrick; Leeflang, Mariska; Noel-Storr, Anna; Thomas, James; Marshall, Iain; Wallace, Byron; Whiting, Penny; Davenport, Clare; Leeflang, Mariska; GopalaKrishna, Gowri; de Salis, Isabel; Mallett, Sue; Wolff, Robert; Whiting, Penny; Riley, Richard; Westwood, Marie; Kleinen, Jos; Collins, Gary; Reitsma, Hans; Moons, Karel; Zapf, Antonia; Hoyer, Annika; Kramer, Katharina; Kuss, Oliver; Ensor, J.; Deeks, J. J; Martin, E. C; Riley, R. D; Rücker, Gerta; Steinhauser, Susanne; Schumacher, Martin; Riley, Richard; Ensor, Joie; Snell, Kym; Willis, Brian; Debray, Thomas; Moons, Karel; Deeks, Jon; Collins, Gary; di Ruffano, Lavinia F; Willis, Brian; Davenport, Clare; Mallett, Sue; Taylor-Phillips, Sian; Hyde, Chris; Deeks, Jon; Mallett, Sue; Taylor, Stuart A; Batnagar, Gauraang; Taylor-Phillips, Sian; Di Ruffano, Lavinia F; Seedat, Farah; Clarke, Aileen; Deeks, Jon; Byron, Sarah; Nixon, Frances; Albrow, Rebecca; Walker, Thomas; Deakin, Carla; Hyde, Chris; Zhelev, Zhivko; Hunt, Harriet; di Ruffano, Lavinia F; Yang, Yaling; Abel, Lucy; Buchanan, James; Fanshawe, Thomas; Shinkins, Bethany; Wynants, Laure; Verbakel, Jan; Van Huffel, Sabine; Timmerman, Dirk; Van Calster, Ben; Leeflang, Mariska; Zwinderman, Aeliko; Bossuyt, Patrick; Oke, Jason; O’Sullivan, Jack; Perera, Rafael; Nicholson, Brian; Bromley, Hannah L; Roberts, Tracy E; Francis, Adele; Petrie, Denniis; Mann, G. B; Malottki, Kinga; Smith, Holly; Deeks, Jon; Billingham, Lucinda; Sitch, Alice; Mallett, Sue; Deeks, Jon; Gerke, Oke; Holm-Vilstrup, Mie; Segtnan, Eivind A; Halekoh, Ulrich; Høilund-Carlsen, Poul F; Francq, Bernard G; Deeks, Jon; Sitch, Alice; Dinnes, Jac; Parkes, Julie; Gregory, Walter; Hewison, Jenny; Altman, Doug; Rosenberg, William; Selby, Peter; Asselineau, Julien; Perez, Paul; Paye, Aïssatou; Bessede, Emilie; Proust-Lima, Cécile; Naaktgeboren, Christiana; de Groot, Joris; Rutjes, Anne; Bossuyt, Patrick; Reitsma, Johannes; Moons, Karel; Collins, Gary; Ogundimu, Emmanuel; Cook, Jonathan; Le Manach, Yannick; Altman, Doug; Wynants, Laure; Vergouwe, Yvonne; Van Huffel, Sabine; Timmerman, Dirk; Van Calster, Ben; Pajouheshnia, Romin; Groenwold, Rolf; Moons, Karen; Reitsma, Johannes; Peelen, Linda; Van Calster, Ben; Nieboer, Daan; Vergouwe, Yvonne; De Cock, Bavo; Pencina, Micael J; Steyerberg, Ewout W; Cooper, Jennifer; Taylor-Phillips, Sian; Parsons, Nick; Stinton, Chris; Smith, Steve; Dickens, Andy; Jordan, Rachel; Enocson, Alexandra; Fitzmaurice, David; Sitch, Alice; Adab, Peymane; Francq, Bernard G; Boachie, Charles; Vidmar, Gaj; Freeman, Karoline; Connock, Martin; Taylor-Phillips, Sian; Court, Rachel; Clarke, Aileen; de Groot, Joris; Naaktgeboren, Christiana; Reitsma, Hans; Moons, Carl; Harris, Jessica; Mumford, Andrew; Plummer, Zoe; Lee, Kurtis; Reeves, Barnaby; Rogers, Chris; Verheyden, Veerle; Angelini, Gianni D; Murphy, Gavin J; Huddy, Jeremy; Ni, Melody; Good, Katherine; Cooke, Graham; Bossuyt, Patrick; Hanna, George; Ma, Jie; Altman, Doug; Collins, Gary; Moons, K. G M (; de Groot, Joris A H; Mallett, Sue; Altman, Doug G; Reitsma, Johannes B; Collins, Gary S; Moons, Karel G M; Altman, Douglas G; Reitsma, Johannes B; Collins, Gary S; Kamarudin, Adina N; Kolamunnage-Dona, Ruwanthi; Cox, Trevor; Ni, Melody; Huddy, Jeremy; Borsci, Simone; Hanna, George; Pérez, Teresa; Pardo, M.Carmen; Candela-Toha, Angel; Muriel, Alfonso; Zamora, Javier; Sanghera, Sabina; Mohiuddin, Syed; Martin, Richard; Donovan, Jenny; Coast, Joanna; Seo, Mikyung K; Cairns, John; Mitchell, Elizabeth; Smith, Alison; Wright, Judy; Hall, Peter; Messenger, Michael; Calder, Nicola; Wickramasekera, Nyantara; Vinall-Collier, Karen; Lewington, Andrew; Pajouheshnia, Romin; Damen, Johanna; Groenwold, Rolf; Moons, Karel; Peelen, Linda; Messenger, Michael; Cairns, David; Smith, Alison; Hutchinson, Michelle; Wright, Judy; Hall, Peter; Calder, Nicola; Sturgeon, Cathie; Mitchel, Liz; Kift, Rebecca; Christakoudi, Sofia; Rungall, Manohursingh; Mobillo, Paula; Montero, Rosa; Tsui, Tjir-Li; Kon, Sui P; Tucker, Beatriz; Sacks, Steven; Farmer, Chris; Strom, Terry; Chowdhury, Paramit; Rebollo-Mesa, Irene; Hernandez-Fuentes, Maria; Damen, Johanna A A G; Debray, Thomas P A; Heus, Pauline; Hooft, Lotty; Moons, Karel G M; Pajouheshnia, Romin; Reitsma, Johannes B; Scholten, Rob J P M; Damen, Johanna A A G; Hooft, Lotty; Schuit, Ewoud; Debray, Thomas P A; Collins, Gary S; Tzoulaki, Ioanna; Lassale, Camille M; Siontis, George C M; Chiocchia, Virginia; Roberts, Corran; Schlüssel, Michael M; Gerry, Stephen; Black, James A; Heus, Pauline; van der Schouw, Yvonne T; Peelen, Linda M; Moons, Karel G M; Damen, Johanna A A G; Debray, Thomas P A; Heus, Pauline; Hooft, Lotty; Moons, Karel G M; Pajouheshnia, Romin; Reitsma, Johannes B; Scholten, Rob J P M; Ma, Jie; Altman, Doug; Collins, Gary; Spence, Graeme; McCartney, David; van den Bruel, Ann; Lasserson, Daniel; Hayward, Gail; Vach, Werner; de Jong, Antoinette; Burggraaff, Coreline; Hoekstra, Otto; Zijlstra, Josée; de Vet, Henrica; Hunt, Harriet; Hyde, Chris; Graziadio, Sara; Allen, Joy; Johnston, Louise; O’Leary, Rachel; Power, Michael; Allen, Joy; Graziadio, Sara; Johnson, Louise; O’Leary, Rachel; Power, Michael; Waters, Ray; Simpson, John; Johnston, Louise; Allen, Joy; Graziadio, Sara; O’Leary, Rachel; Waters, Ray; Power, Michael; Mallett, Sue; Fanshawe, Thomas R; Phillips, Peter; Plumb, Andrew; Helbren, Emma; Halligan, Steve; Taylor, Stuart A; Gale, Alastair; Mallett, Sue; Sekula, Peggy; Altman, Douglas G; Sauerbrei, Willi; Mallett, Sue; Fanshawe, Thomas R; Forman, Julia R; Dutton, Susan J; Takwoingi, Yemisi; Hensor, Elizabeth M; Nichols, Thomas E; Shinkins, Bethany; Yang, Yaling; Abel, Lucy; Di Ruffano, Lavinia F; Fanshawe, Thomas; Kempf, Emmanuelle; Porcher, Raphael; de Beyer, Jennifer; Moons, Karel; Altman, Douglas; Reitsma, Hans; Hopewell, Sally; Sauerbrei, Willi; Collins, Gary; Dennis, John; Shields, Beverley; Jones, Angus; Henley, William; Pearson, Ewan; Hattersley, Andrew; Heus, Pauline; Damen, Johanna A A G; Pajouheshnia, Romin; Scholten, Rob J P M; Reitsma, Johannes B; Collins, Gary S; Altman, Douglas G; Moons, Karel G M; Hooft, Lotty; Shields, Beverley; Dennis, John; Jones, Angus; Henley, William; Pearson, Ewan; Hattersley, Andrew; Scheibler, Fueloep; Rummer, Anne; Sturtz, Sibylle; Großelfinger, Robert; Banister, Katie; Ramsay, Craig; Azuara-Blanco, Augusto; Cook, Jonathan; Boachie, Charles; Burr, Jennifer; Kumarasamy, Manjula; Bourne, Rupert; Uchegbu, Ijeoma; Borsci, Simone; Murphy, Jennifer; Hanna, George; Uchegbu, Ijeoma; Carter, Alex; Murphy, Jen; Ni, Melody; Marti, Joachim; Eatock, Julie; Uchegbu, Ijeoma; Robotham, Julie; Dudareva, Maria; Gilchrist, Mark; Holmes, Alison; Uchegbu, Ijeoma; Borsci, Simone; Monaghan, Phillip; Lord, Sarah; StJohn, Andrew; Sandberg, Sverre; Cobbaert, Christa; Lennartz, Lieselotte; Verhagen-Kamerbeek, Wilma; Ebert, Christoph; Bossuyt, Patrick; Horvath, Andrea; Jenniskens, Kevin; Naaktgeboren, Christiana; Reitsma, Johannes; Moons, Karel; de Groot, Joris; Hyde, Chris; Peters, Jaime; Grigore, Bogdan; Peters, Jaime; Hyde, Chris; Hyde, Chris; Ukoumunne, Obi; Peters, Jaime; Zhelev, Zhivko; Levis, Brooke; Benedetti, Andrea; Levis, Alexander W; Ioannidis, John P A; Shrier, Ian; Cuijpers, Pim; Gilbody, Simon; Kloda, Lorie A; McMillan, Dean; Patten, Scott B; Steele, Russell J; Ziegelstein, Roy C; Bombardier, Charles H; Osório, Flavia d L; Fann, Jesse R; Gjerdingen, Dwenda; Lamers, Femke; Lotrakul, Manote; Loureiro, Sonia R; Löwe, Bernd; Shaaban, Juwita; Stafford, Lesley; van Weert, Henk C P M; Whooley, Mary A; Williams, Linda S; Wittkampf, Karin A; Yeung, Albert S; Thombs, Brett D; Peters, Jaime; Cooper, Chris; Buchanan, James; Nieto, Tom; Smith, Claire; Tucker, Olga; Dretzke, Janine; Beggs, Andrew; Rai, Nirmala; Davenport, Clare; Bayliss, Sue; Stevens, Simon; Snell, Kym; Mallet, Sue; Deeks, Jon; Sundar, Sudha; Hall, Emma; Porta, Nuria; Estelles, David L; de Bono, Johann
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    An overview of the statistical methods reported by studies using the Canadian community health survey
    (BioMed Central, 2014-01-24) Yergens, Dean W; Dutton, Daniel J; Patten, Scott B
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Social judgments of behavioral versus substance-related addictions: A population-based study
    (Science Direct, 2014-11-01) Konkoly-Thege, Barna; Colman, Ian; el-Guebaly, Nady; Hodgins, David C; Patten, Scott B; Schopflocher, Don; Wolfe, Jody; Wild, T Cameron
    Background Recently, the concept of addiction has expanded to include many types of problematic repetitive behaviors beyond those related to substance misuse. This trend may have implications for the way that lay people think about addictions and about people struggling with addictive disorders. The aim of this study was to provide a better understanding of how the public understands a variety of substance-related and behavioral addictions. Methods A representative sample of 4000 individuals from Alberta, Canada completed an online survey. Participants were randomly assigned to answer questions about perceived addiction liability, etiology, and prevalence of problems with four substances (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine) and six behaviors (problematic gambling, eating, shopping, sexual behavior, video gaming, and work). Results Bivariate analyses revealed that respondents considered substances to have greater addiction liability than behaviors and that most risk factors (moral, biological, or psychosocial) were considered as more important in the etiology of behavioral versus substance addictions. A discriminant function analysis demonstrated that perceived addiction liability and character flaws were the two most important features differentiating judgments of substance-related versus behavioral addictions. Perceived addiction liability was judged to be greater for substances. Conversely, character flaws were viewed as more associated with behavioral addictions. Conclusions The general public appreciates the complex bio–psycho-social etiology underlying addictions, but perceives substance-related and behavioral addictions differently. These attitudes, in turn, may shape a variety of important outcomes, including the extent to which people believed to manifest behavioral addictions feel stigmatized, seek treatment, or initiate behavior changes on their own.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Substance-related and behavioural addiction problems: Two surveys of Canadian adults
    (Addiction Research & Theory, 2014-06-13) Konkoly-Thege, Barna; Colman, Ian; El-guebaly, Nady; Hodgins, David C; Patten, Scott B; Schopflocher, Don; Wolfe, Jody; Wild, T Cameron
    Objectives: To describe absolute and relative prevalence of 10 self-attributed substance-related and behavioural addiction problems among Canadian adults, to describe perceived prevalence of these problems in the general population, and to examine whether estimates varied by survey mode. Methods: Sample 1 included 4000 adults recruited from an online research panel; Sample 2 included 2000 randomly selected adults who completed a computer-assisted telephone interview. Respondents in both samples were asked (1) whether or not they had experienced a problem in the preceding year with each of four substances (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine) and six behaviours (gambling, eating, shopping, sex, video gaming, and work), (2) whether they had ever personally knew someone exhibiting a problem with each behaviour, and (3) perceived prevalence of problems in the general population. Results: About half of the respondents reported experiencing any past-year addiction problems. Tobacco and alcohol were the most common substance-related problems, while the most common behavioural problems were related to eating and work. Respondents consistently overestimated perceived population prevalence relative to self-attributed problems; however, the magnitude of overestimation was significantly greater among those who personally reported a problem with these behaviours. Online survey participants consistently reported higher self-attributed problem rates compared with CATI respondents, but rank-order correlations across self-, acquaintances-, and population-attributed prevalence estimates were very high in both samples. Conclusions: Both survey modes provided accurate relative prevalence estimates, but further research should explore determinants of higher prevalence rates among online participants and respondents’ consistent tendency to overestimate perceived population prevalence.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    The “Clinician’s illusion” and the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders
    (2018-12-20) Patten, Scott B
    Abstract Background Depression often occurs in association with stressful events. However, people with depressive disorders may experience episodes in response to minor stressors or “out of the blue.” Similar episodes can occur in people who do not have a disorder in response to severe events. This plurality of symptom patterns, occurring as it does in the absence of precise demarcation from normality has led to controversy over how depressive disorders should be defined, how common they are, and when treatment should be offered. Much of the controversy, however, may be illusory, arising from a tendency to view depressive disorders as defects or disease processes (the “clincian’s illusion”). Avoiding the illusion involves understanding depression as a defense rather than a defect and requires consideration of aspects of signal detection theory and the associated “smoke detector” principle. This perspective may help to understand aspects of depressive disorders that are otherwise puzzling and controversial. Methods In this paper, implications of signal detection theory and the “smoke detector principle” are explored: (1) conceptually, (2) using calculations performed in a spreadsheet and (3) using an agent-based model. Depressive episodes are conceptualized or represented as all-or-nothing phenomena activated in response to stressful life events. These events occur in an environment that also includes variable levels of baseline stress, creating a signal detection problem. The agent-based framework allows interaction with the environment as agents attempt to achieve an ideal level of adaptation. Results The smoke detector principle, if valid, may explain otherwise puzzling and controversial features of the depressive disorders, such as their lack of precise demarcation from normality, the role of life events and stressors and their patterns of prevalence. Conclusions Signal detection concepts help to avoid the “clinician’s illusion” in which aspects of functioning of the body’s defenses are mistaken for a disease entity or defect. These principles emphasize inevitable difficulties that are encountered in attempts to conceptualize depressive disorders without reference to the environment in which they occur, and without addressing possible stochastic (randomly varying) elements. Because of the “clinicians illusion”, current research priorities, as well as diagnosis and treatment strategies, may be flawed.