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Open Access
1.3 Is it Time to Question the Validity of Impedance Analysis?
(2010-12-02) Tyberg, J.; Shrive, N.; Burrowes, L.; Sridharan, S.; Bouwmeester, C.; Wang, J.-J.
Abstract Although the 3-element Windkessel (Wk) is still a useful analogue of arterial hemodynamics, can the validity of the frequency-domain analysis continue to be assumed? Our alternative time-domain approach holds that measured pressure is the sum of a Wk (PWk) and an “excess” pressure (Pexcess). “Characteristic impedance” (Z0) is critical. Originally called characteristic resistance by Westerhof, Z0 was simulated like peripheral resistance in a hydraulic model but recently has been interpreted only in the frequency domain. We have shown that Pexcess varies linearly with aortic inflow with a slope of Z0. Bench-top experiments with canine peak flows and aortic dimensions yielded pressure drops equal to those measured physiologically, and a proximal resistance approximating Z0. A bench-top experiment simulating Westerhof’s hydraulic circuit demonstrated a PWk waveform. We calculated the frequency-dependent impedance of measured pressure, PWk and Pexcess, under the influence of nitroprusside (NP) and methoxamine (Mtx). With NP, there was no impedance minimum and the modulus of Pexcess was frequency-independent. With Mtx, an impedance minimum was demonstrated but was due entirely to PWk. Thus, the impedance minimum appears to be due only to the PWk and may not also be essentially related to wave reflection. Finally, we used our approach to demonstrate positive and negative wave reflection in the canine aorta. However, if PWk was not initially subtracted, backward waves appeared first in the ascending aorta and they appeared to be propagated forward (figure). These profoundly paradoxical results above seem to undermine the fundamental presuppositions of the frequency-domain analysis.
Open Access
10 Years Later...
(2013-01-01) Valiquette, Louis; Laupland, Kevin B
Open Access
1000 human genomes carry widespread signatures of GC biased gene conversion
(2018-04-16) Dutta, Rajib; Saha-Mandal, Arnab; Cheng, Xi; Qiu, Shuhao; Serpen, Jasmine; Fedorova, Larisa; Fedorov, Alexei
Abstract Background GC-Biased Gene Conversion (gBGC) is one of the important theories put forward to explain profound long-range non-randomness in nucleotide compositions along mammalian chromosomes. Nucleotide changes due to gBGC are hard to distinguish from regular mutations. Here, we present an algorithm for analysis of millions of known SNPs that detects a subset of so-called “SNP flip-over” events representing recent gBGC nucleotide changes, which occurred in previous generations via non-crossover meiotic recombination. Results This algorithm has been applied in a large-scale analysis of 1092 sequenced human genomes. Altogether, 56,328 regions on all autosomes have been examined, which revealed 223,955 putative gBGC cases leading to SNP flip-overs. We detected a strong bias (11.7% ± 0.2% excess) in AT- > GC over GC- > AT base pair changes within the entire set of putative gBGC cases. Conclusions On average, a human gamete acquires 7 SNP flip-over events, in which one allele is replaced by its complementary allele during the process of meiotic non-crossover recombination. In each meiosis event, on average, gBGC results in replacement of 7 AT base pairs by GC base pairs, while only 6 GC pairs are replaced by AT pairs. Therefore, every human gamete is enriched by one GC pair. Happening over millions of years of evolution, this bias may be a noticeable force in changing the nucleotide composition landscape along chromosomes.
Open Access
13th International Conference on Conservative Management of Spinal Deformities and First Joint Meeting of the International Research Society on Spinal Deformities and the Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment – SOSORT-IRSSD 2016 meeting
(2017-05-30) Bagheri, Aria; Liu, Xue-Cheng; Tassone, Channing; Thometz, John; Chaloupka, Amie; Tarima, Sergey; Cohen, Larry; Simic, Milena; Dennis, Sarah; Refshauge, Kathryn; Pappas, Evangelos; Parent, Eric C; Pietrosanu, Matthew; Redford, Emily; Schmidt, Sheri; Hill, Douglas; Moreau, Marc; Hedden, Douglas; Adeeb, Samer; Lou, Edmond; Brink, Rob C; Schlösser, Tom P C; Colo, Dino; Vincken, Koen L; van Stralen, Marijn; Hui, Steve C N; Chu, Winnie C W; Cheng, Jack C Y; Castelein, René M; Kechagias, Vasileios; Grivas, Theodoros B; Vlasis, Konstantinos; Michas, Konstantinos; Grivas, Theodoros B; Kechagias, Vasileios; Vlasis, Konstantinos; Michas, Konstantinos; Tam, Elisa M S; Yu, Fiona W P; Hung, Vivian W Y; Shi, Lin; Qin, Ling; Ng, Bobby K W; Chu, Winnie C W; Griffith, James; Cheng, Jack C Y; Lam, Tsz P; Xue, Cindy; Shi, Lin; Hui, Steve C N; Lam, Tsz P; Ng, Bobby K W; Cheng, Jack C Y; Chu, Winnie C W; Hui, Steve C N; Pialasse, Jean-Philippe; Wong, Judy Y H; Lam, Tsz P; Ng, Bobby K W; Cheng, Jack C Y; Chu, Winnie C W; Vo, Quang N; Le, Lawrence H; Lou, Edmond H M; Zheng, Rui; Hill, Douglas L; Moreau, Marc J; Hedden, Douglas M; Mahood, James K; Southon, Sarah; Lou, Edmond; Brignol, Arnaud; Cheriet, Farida; Miron, Marie-Claude; Laporte, Catherine; Qiu, Yong; Liu, Hao; Liu, Zhen; Zhu, Ze-zhang; Qian, Bang-ping; Liu, XueCheng; Rizza, Robert; Thometz, John; Rosol, Derek; Tassone, Channing; Tarima, Sergey; North, Paula; Zaina, Fabio; Pesenti, Francesca; Negrini, Stefano; Persani, Luca; Capodaglio, Paolo; Polli, Nicoletta; Yip, Benjamin H K; Yu, Fiona W P; Hung, Vivian W Y; Lam, Tsz P; Qin, Ling; Ng, Bobby K W; Cheng, Jack C Y; Zhang, Jiajun; Lee, Wayne Y W; Chen, Huanxiong; Tam, Elisa M S; Man, Gene C; Lam, Tsz P; Ng, Bobby K W; Qiu, Yong; Cheng, Jack C Y; Liu, Hao; Liu, Zhen; Zhu, Zezhang; Qian, Bang P; Qiu, Yong; Harasymczuk, P.; Andrusiewicz, M.; Janusz, P.; Biecek, P.; Kotwicki, T.; Kotwicka, M.; Lee, Jung S; Shin, Jong K; Goh, Tae S; Son, Seung M; Chen, Huanxiong; Lee, Wayne Y W; Zhang, Jiajun; Tam, Elisa M S; Man, Gene C W; Lam, Tsz P; Ng, Bobby K W; Qiu, Yong; Cheng, Jack C Y; Schwartz, Mark; Gilday, Sarah; Bylski-Austrow, Donita I; Glos, David L; Schultz, Lindsay; O’Hara, Sara; Jain, Viral V; Sturm, Peter F; Wang, Xiaoyu; Crandall, Dennis G; Parent, Stefan; Larson, Noelle; Labelle, Hubert; Aubin, Carl-Eric; Fard, Negar B; Southon, Sarah; Moreau, Marc; Hedden, Douglas; Duke, Kajsa; Southon, Sarah; Lukenchuk, Leeann; Kerslake, Matthew; Huynh, Geraldine; Chorney, Jill; Tsui, Ban; Tobert, Daniel; Bakarania, Prachi; Berdishevsky, Hagit; Grimes, Kelly; Matsumoto, Hiroko; Hyman, Joshua; Roye, Benjamin; Roye, David; Vitale, Michael; Black, Jason; Bradley, Michael; Drake, Shawn; Glynn, David; Maude, Erika; Berdishevsky, Hagit; Lindgren, Amelia; Bakarania, Prachi; Grimes, Kelly; Matsumoto, Hiroko; Feinberg, Nicholas; Bloom, Zachary; Roye, David; Vitale, Michael; Dupuis, Sarah; Fortin, Carole; Caouette, Christiane; Aubin, Carl-Éric; Gur, Gozde; Yakut, Yavuz; Jevtić, Nikola; Schreiber, Sanja; Hennes, Axel; Pantović, Milan; de Mauroy, Jean-Claude; Barral, Frédéric; Pourret, Sophie; de Mauroy, Jean-Claude; Barral, Frédéric; Pourret, Sophie; Aulisa, Angelo G; Guzzanti, Vincenzo; Galli, Marco; Falciglia, Francesco; Aulisa, Lorenzo; Bernard, Jean-Claude; Deceuninck, Julie; Berthonnaud, Eric; Rougelot, Adrien; Pickering, Marie-Eva; Chaleat-Valayer, Emmanuelle; Webb, Richard; Bettany-Saltikov, Josette; Neil, Barbara; Zaina, Fabio; Poggio, Martina; Donzelli, Sabrina; Lusini, Monia; Minnella, Salvatore; Negrini, Stefano; de Mauroy, Jean-Claude; Barral, Frédéric; Hoang, Alith; Mao, Saihu; Shi, Benlong; Qian, Bangping; Zhu, Zezhang; Sun, Xu; Qiu, Yong; Cobetto, Nikita; Aubin, Carl-Éric; Parent, Stefan; Barch, Soraya; Turgeon, Isabelle; Labelle, Hubert; Raihan, Hasan M A; Kumar, Datta T; Khasnabis, Chapal; Equbal, Ameed; Chakraborty, Ashis K; Biswas, Abhishek; Gur, Gozde; Dilek, Burcu; Ayhan, Cigdem; Simsek, Engin; Aras, Ozgen; Aksoy, Songul; Yakut, Yavuz; Lou, Edmond; Hill, Doug; Zheng, Rui; Donauer, Andreas; Tilburn, Melissa; Raso, Jim; Morau, Marc; Hedden, Douglas; Chen, He; Man-Sang, Wong; Cohen, Larry; Kobayashi, Sarah; Simic, Milena; Dennis, Sarah; Refshauge, Kathryn; Pappas, Evangelos; Aslanzadeh, Fatemeh; Parent, Eric C; MacIntosh, Brian; Maragkoudakis, Emmanouil G; Grivas, Theodoros B; Gelalis, Ioannis D; Mazioti, Christina; Tsilimidos, Gerasimos; Burwell, R. G; Zheng, Yu; Wu, Xiao-Jun; Dang, Yi-Ni; Sun, Ning; Yang, Yan; Wang, Tao; He, Cheng-Qi; Wong, Man-Sang; Donzelli, Sabrina; Martinez, Gregorio; Negrini, Alberto; Zaina, Fabio; Negrini, Stefano; Matsumoto, Hiroko; Feinberg, Nicholas; Shirley, Matthew; Swindell, Hasani; Bloom, Zachary; Roye, David P; Akbarnia, Behrooz A; Garg, Sumeet; Sanders, James O; Skaggs, David L; Smith, John T; Vitale, Michael G; Rizza, Robert; Liu, XueCheng; Thometz, John; Lou, Edmond; Hill, Doug; Donauer, Andreas; Tilburn, Melissa; Hedden, Douglas; Moreau, Marc; Healy, Aoife; Farmer, Sybil; Chockalingam, Nachiappan; Aulisa, Angelo G; Guzzanti, Vincenzo; Galli, Marco; Pizzetti, Paolo; Aulisa, Lorenzo; Maruyama, Toru; Kobayashi, Yosuke; Nakao, Yusuke; Liu, Hao; Qian, Bang P; Qiu, Yong; Mao, Sai-hu; Wang, Bin; Yu, Yang; Zhu, Zezhang; Berdishevsky, Hagit; Lindgren, Amelia M; Bakarania, Prachi; Grimes, Kelly; Makhni, Melvin C; Shillingford, Jamal; Vitale, Michael G; Black, Jason; Maude, Erika; Turland, Abbie; Glynn, David; Caronni, Antonio; Sciumè, Luciana; Donzelli, Sabrina; Zaina, Fabio; Negrini, Stefano; Schreiber, Sanja; Parent, Eric C; Moez, Elham K; Hedden, Douglas M; Hill, Douglas L; Moreau, Marc; Lou, Edmond; Watkins, Elise M; Southon, Sarah C; Parent, Eric C; Schreiber, Sanja; Moez, Elham K; Sloan, Preston; Hedden, Douglass; Moreau, Marc; Hill, Douglas; Southon, Sarah; Watkins, Elise; Parent, Eric C; Ghaneei, Maliheh; Adeeb, Samer; Schreiber, Sanja; Moreau, Marc; Hedden, Douglas; Hill, Douglas; Southon, Sarah; Karavidas, Nikos; Dritsa, Despoina; Bettany-Saltikov, Josette; Hanchard, Nigel; Kim, Donghyun; Kim, Junlae; Sbihli, Amy; Parent, Eric; Levey, Lauren; Holowka, Mark; Davis, Leigh; Dolan, Lori A; Weinstein, Stuart L; Larson, Jill E; Meyer, Maximilian A; Boody, Barrett; Sarwark, John F; Schreiber, Sanja; Parent, Eric C; Hedden, Douglas M; Hill, Douglas L; Thometz, John; Liu, XueCheng; Rizza, Robert; Tassone, Channing; Liu, XueCheng; Gundlach, Benjamin; Tarima, Sergey; Grant, Alison; Kalyan, Raman; Hekal, Waleed; Honeyman, Cheryl; Cook, Tim; Murray, Scott; Pitruzzella, Morena; Donzelli, Sabrina; Zaina, Fabio; Negrini, Stefano; de Mauroy, Jean-Claude; Barral, Frédéric; Pourret, Sophie; de Mauroy, Jean-Claude; Barral, Frédéric; Pourret, Sophie; Grimes, Kelly; Feinberg, Nicholas; Hope, Jennifer; Berdishevsky, Hagit; Bakarania, Prachi; Matsumoto, Hiroko; Swindell, Hasani; Yoshimachi, Julie; Roye, David; Vitale, Michael; Touchette, Julie; St-Jean, Anissa; Brousseau, Danica; Marcotte, Louise; Théroux, Jean; Doucet, Chantal; Lin, Yangmin; Wong, Man S; MacMahon, John; MacMahon, Edward; Boyette, Jeremy; Stikeleather, Luke; Lebel, Andrea; Lebel, Victoria A; Pancholi-Parekh, Chintan A; Stolze, Lise; Selthafner, Marissa; Hong, Kaitlin; Liu, XueCheng; Thometz, John; Tassone, Channing; Morrison, Pamela R; Hanke, Timothy A; Knott, Patrick; Krumdick, Nathaniel D; Chockalingam, Nachiappan; Shannon, Thomas; Davenhill, Ryan; Needham, Robert; Jasani, Vinay; Ahmed, El-Nasri; St-Jean, Anissa; Touchette, Julie; Drake, Shawn; Brousseau, Danica; Marcotte, Louise; Théroux, Jean; Doucet, Chantal; Aulisa, Angelo G; Guzzanti, Vincenzo; Gordano, Marco; Mastantuoni, Giuseppe; Aulisa, Lorenzo; Chandrinos, Michail; Grivas, Theodoros B; Kechagias, Vasileios; Głowka, Paweł; Gaweł, Dominik; Kasprzak, Bartosz; Nowak, Michał; Morzyński, Marek; Kotwicki, Tomasz; Deceuninck, Julie; Bernard, Jean-Claude; Lecante, Cyril; Berthonnaud, Eric; Fortin, Carole; Aubin-Fournier, Jean-François; Bettany-Saltikov, Josette; Parent, Eric C; Feldman, Debbie E; Bernard, Jean-Claude; Liu, Zhen; Zhang, Wen; Hu, Zongshan; Zhu, Weiguo; Jin, Mengran; Han, Xiao; Qiu, Yong; Cheng, Jack C Y; Zhu, Zezhang; Liu, Zhen; Guo, Jing; Wu, Tao; Qian, Bangping; Zhu, Zezhang; Zhu, Feng; Jiang, Jian; Qiu, Yong; Han, Xiao; Liu, Zhen; Liu, Hao; Qiu, Yong; Guo, Jing; Yan, Huang; Sun, Xu; Cheng, Jack C Y; Zhu, Zezhang; Di Felice, Francesca; Zaina, Fabio; Pitruzzella, Morena; Donzelli, Sabrina; Negrini, Stefano; Needham, Robert A; Chatzistergos, Panagiotis; Chockalingam, Nachiappan; Brink, Rob C; Schlösser, Tom P C; Colo, Dino; Vincken, Koen L; van Stralen, Marijn; Hui, Steve C N; Chu, Winnie C W; Cheng, Jack C Y; Castelein, René M; Bylski-Austrow, Donita I; Glos, David L; Jain, Viral V; Reynolds, Joseph E; Sturm, Peter F; Wall, Eric J; Igoumenou, Vasilios G; Megaloikonomos, Panayiotis D; Tsiavos, Konstantinos; Panagopoulos, Georgios N; Mavrogenis, Andreas F; Grivas, Theodoros B; Soultanis, Konstantinos; Papagelopoulos, Panayiotis J; Fard, Negar B; Duke, Kajsa; Chan, Andrew; Parent, Eric C; Lou, Edmond; Lee, Jung S; Shin, Jong K; Goh, Tae S; Son, Seung M; Kobayashi, Sho; Togawa, Daisuke; Hasegawa, Tomohiko; Yamato, Yu; Oe, Shin; Banno, Tomohiro; Mihara, Yuuki; Matsuyama, Yukihiro
Open Access
1–10-100: Unifying goals to mobilize global action on antimicrobial resistance
(2024-08-27) Rogers Van Katwyk, Susan; Poirier, Mathieu J. P.; Chandy, Sujith J.; Faure, Kim; Fisher, Caitlin; Lhermie, Guillaume; Moodley, Arshnee; Sarkar, Satyajit; Sophie, Masika; Strong, Kayla; Weldon, Isaac; Hoffman, Steven J.
Abstract The Bellagio Group for Accelerating AMR Action met in April 2024 to develop the ambitious but achievable 1–10-100 unifying goals to galvanize global policy change and investments for antimicrobial resistance mitigation: 1 Health; 10 million lives saved; and 100% sustainable access to effective antimicrobials. High profile political goals such as the Paris Agreement’s objective to keep global warming well below 2° Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels, UNAIDS’ 90–90-90 goal, and the Sustainable Development Goals challenge global norms, direct attention towards relevant activities, and serve an energizing function to motivate action over an extended period of time. The 1–10-100 unifying goals propose to unite the world through a One Health approach to safeguard human health, animal welfare, agrifood systems, and the environment from the emergence and spread of drug-resistant microbes and infections; save over 10 million lives by 2040 through concerted efforts to prevent and appropriately treat infections while preserving the vital systems and services that depend on sustained antimicrobial effectiveness; and commit to ensuring that antimicrobials are available and affordable for all, used prudently, and secured for the future through innovation. Compared to existing technical targets, these unifying goals offer advantages of focusing on prevention, encouraging multisectoral action and collaboration, promoting health equity, recognizing the need for innovation, and integrating with Sustainable Development Goals. By committing to 1 Health, 10 million lives saved, and 100% sustainable access to effective antimicrobials, we can protect lives and livelihoods today and safeguard options for tomorrow.
Open Access
20-year trends in multimorbidity by race/ethnicity among hospitalized patient populations in the United States
(2023-07-24) Mohamud, Mursal A.; Campbell, David J.; Wick, James; Leung, Alexander A.; Fabreau, Gabriel E.; Tonelli, Marcello; Ronksley, Paul E.
Abstract Background The challenges presented by multimorbidity continue to rise in the United States. Little is known about how the relative contribution of individual chronic conditions to multimorbidity has changed over time, and how this varies by race/ethnicity. The objective of this study was to describe trends in multimorbidity by race/ethnicity, as well as to determine the differential contribution of individual chronic conditions to multimorbidity in hospitalized populations over a 20-year period within the United States. Methods This is a serial cross-sectional study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 1993 to 2012. We identified all hospitalized patients aged ≥ 18 years old with available data on race/ethnicity. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of 3 or more conditions based on the Elixhauser comorbidity index. The relative change in the proportion of hospitalized patients with multimorbidity, overall and by race/ethnicity (Black, White, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, Native American) were tabulated and presented graphically. Population attributable fractions were estimated from modified Poisson regression models adjusted for sex, age, and insurance type. These fractions were used to describe the relative contribution of individual chronic conditions to multimorbidity over time and across racial/ethnic groups. Results There were 123,613,970 hospitalizations captured within the NIS between 1993 and 2012. The prevalence of multimorbidity increased in all race/ethnic groups over the 20-year period, most notably among White, Black, and Native American populations (+ 29.4%, + 29.7%, and + 32.0%, respectively). In both 1993 and 2012, Black hospitalized patients had a higher prevalence of multimorbidity (25.1% and 54.8%, respectively) compared to all other race/ethnic groups. Native American populations exhibited the largest overall increase in multimorbidity (+ 32.0%). Furthermore, the contribution of metabolic diseases to multimorbidity increased, particularly among Hispanic patients who had the highest population attributable fraction values for diabetes without complications (15.0%), diabetes with complications (5.1%), and obesity (5.8%). Conclusions From 1993 to 2012, the secular increases in the prevalence of multimorbidity as well as changes in the differential contribution of individual chronic conditions has varied substantially by race/ethnicity. These findings further elucidate the racial/ethnic gaps prevalent in multimorbidity within the United States. Prior presentations Preliminary finding of this study were presented at the Society of General Internal Medicine (SGIM) Annual Conference, Washington, DC, April 21, 2017.
Open Access
2012 Canadian Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Executive Summary
(2013-01-01) Fitzcharles, Mary-Ann; Ste-Marie, Peter A; Goldenberg, Don L; Pereira, John X; Abbey, Susan; Choinière, Manon; Ko, Gordon; Moulin, Dwight E; Panopalis, Pantelis; Proulx, Johanne; Shir, Yoram; the National Fibromyalgia Guideline Advisory Panel,
BACKGROUND: Recent neurophysiological evidence attests to the validity of fibromyalgia (FM), a chronic pain condition that affects >2% of the population.OBJECTIVES: To present the evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis, management and patient trajectory of individuals with FM.METHODS: A needs assessment following consultation with diverse health care professionals identified questions pertinent to various aspects of FM. A literature search identified the evidence available to address these questions; evidence was graded according to the standards of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Drafted recommendations were appraised by an advisory panel to reflect meaningful clinical practice.RESULTS: The present recommendations incorporate the new clinical concepts of FM as a clinical construct without any defining physical abnormality or biological marker, characterized by fluctuating, diffuse body pain and the frequent symptoms of sleep disturbance, fatigue, mood and cognitive changes. In the absence of a defining cause or cure, treatment objectives should be patient-tailored and symptom-based, aimed at reducing global complaints and enhancing function. Healthy lifestyle practices with active patient participation in health care forms the cornerstone of care. Multimodal management may include nonpharmacological and pharmacological strategies, although it must be acknowledged that pharmacological treatments provide only modest benefit. Maintenance of function and retention in the workforce is encouraged.CONCLUSIONS: The new Canadian guidelines for the treatment of FM should provide health professionals with confidence in the complete care of these patients and improve clinical outcomes.
Open Access
2017 WSES guidelines for the management of iatrogenic colonoscopy perforation
(2018-01-24) de’Angelis, Nicola; Di Saverio, Salomone; Chiara, Osvaldo; Sartelli, Massimo; Martínez-Pérez, Aleix; Patrizi, Franca; Weber, Dieter G; Ansaloni, Luca; Biffl, Walter; Ben-Ishay, Offir; Bala, Miklosh; Brunetti, Francesco; Gaiani, Federica; Abdalla, Solafah; Amiot, Aurelien; Bahouth, Hany; Bianchi, Giorgio; Casanova, Daniel; Coccolini, Federico; Coimbra, Raul; de’Angelis, Gian Luigi; De Simone, Belinda; Fraga, Gustavo P; Genova, Pietro; Ivatury, Rao; Kashuk, Jeffry L; Kirkpatrick, Andrew W; Le Baleur, Yann; Machado, Fernando; Machain, Gustavo M; Maier, Ronald V; Chichom-Mefire, Alain; Memeo, Riccardo; Mesquita, Carlos; Salamea Molina, Juan C; Mutignani, Massimiliano; Manzano-Núñez, Ramiro; Ordoñez, Carlos; Peitzman, Andrew B; Pereira, Bruno M; Picetti, Edoardo; Pisano, Michele; Puyana, Juan C; Rizoli, Sandro; Siddiqui, Mohammed; Sobhani, Iradj; ten Broek, Richard P; Zorcolo, Luigi; Carra, Maria C; Kluger, Yoram; Catena, Fausto
Abstract Iatrogenic colonoscopy perforation (ICP) is a severe complication that can occur during both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Although 45–60% of ICPs are diagnosed by the endoscopist while performing the colonoscopy, many ICPs are not immediately recognized but are instead suspected on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms that occur after the endoscopic procedure. There are three main therapeutic options for ICPs: endoscopic repair, conservative therapy, and surgery. The therapeutic approach must vary based on the setting of the diagnosis (intra- or post-colonoscopy), the type of ICP, the characteristics and general status of the patient, the operator’s level of experience, and surgical device availability. Although ICPs have been the focus of numerous publications, no guidelines have been created to standardize the management of ICPs. The aim of this article is to present the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for the management of ICP, which are intended to be used as a tool to promote global standards of care in case of ICP. These guidelines are not meant to substitute providers’ clinical judgment for individual patients, and they may need to be modified based on the medical team’s level of experience and the availability of local resources.
Open Access
2020 update of the WSES guidelines for the management of acute colonic diverticulitis in the emergency setting
(2020-05-07) Sartelli, Massimo; Weber, Dieter G; Kluger, Yoram; Ansaloni, Luca; Coccolini, Federico; Abu-Zidan, Fikri; Augustin, Goran; Ben-Ishay, Offir; Biffl, Walter L; Bouliaris, Konstantinos; Catena, Rodolfo; Ceresoli, Marco; Chiara, Osvaldo; Chiarugi, Massimo; Coimbra, Raul; Cortese, Francesco; Cui, Yunfeng; Damaskos, Dimitris; de’ Angelis, Gian L; Delibegovic, Samir; Demetrashvili, Zaza; De Simone, Belinda; Di Marzo, Francesco; Di Saverio, Salomone; Duane, Therese M; Faro, Mario P; Fraga, Gustavo P; Gkiokas, George; Gomes, Carlos A; Hardcastle, Timothy C; Hecker, Andreas; Karamarkovic, Aleksandar; Kashuk, Jeffry; Khokha, Vladimir; Kirkpatrick, Andrew W; Kok, Kenneth Y Y; Inaba, Kenji; Isik, Arda; Labricciosa, Francesco M; Latifi, Rifat; Leppäniemi, Ari; Litvin, Andrey; Mazuski, John E; Maier, Ronald V; Marwah, Sanjay; McFarlane, Michael; Moore, Ernest E; Moore, Frederick A; Negoi, Ionut; Pagani, Leonardo; Rasa, Kemal; Rubio-Perez, Ines; Sakakushev, Boris; Sato, Norio; Sganga, Gabriele; Siquini, Walter; Tarasconi, Antonio; Tolonen, Matti; Ulrych, Jan; Zachariah, Sannop K; Catena, Fausto
Abstract Acute colonic diverticulitis is one of the most common clinical conditions encountered by surgeons in the acute setting. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts from the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) updated its guidelines for management of acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis (ALCD) according to the most recent available literature. The update includes recent changes introduced in the management of ALCD. The new update has been further integrated with advances in acute right-sided colonic diverticulitis (ARCD) that is more common than ALCD in select regions of the world.
Open Access
2020 WSES guidelines for the detection and management of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy
(2021-06-10) de’Angelis, Nicola; Catena, Fausto; Memeo, Riccardo; Coccolini, Federico; Martínez-Pérez, Aleix; Romeo, Oreste M.; De Simone, Belinda; Di Saverio, Salomone; Brustia, Raffaele; Rhaiem, Rami; Piardi, Tullio; Conticchio, Maria; Marchegiani, Francesco; Beghdadi, Nassiba; Abu-Zidan, Fikri M.; Alikhanov, Ruslan; Allard, Marc-Antoine; Allievi, Niccolò; Amaddeo, Giuliana; Ansaloni, Luca; Andersson, Roland; Andolfi, Enrico; Azfar, Mohammad; Bala, Miklosh; Benkabbou, Amine; Ben-Ishay, Offir; Bianchi, Giorgio; Biffl, Walter L.; Brunetti, Francesco; Carra, Maria C.; Casanova, Daniel; Celentano, Valerio; Ceresoli, Marco; Chiara, Osvaldo; Cimbanassi, Stefania; Bini, Roberto; Coimbra, Raul; Luigi de’Angelis, Gian; Decembrino, Francesco; De Palma, Andrea; de Reuver, Philip R.; Domingo, Carlos; Cotsoglou, Christian; Ferrero, Alessandro; Fraga, Gustavo P.; Gaiani, Federica; Gheza, Federico; Gurrado, Angela; Harrison, Ewen; Henriquez, Angel; Hofmeyr, Stefan; Iadarola, Roberta; Kashuk, Jeffry L.; Kianmanesh, Reza; Kirkpatrick, Andrew W.; Kluger, Yoram; Landi, Filippo; Langella, Serena; Lapointe, Real; Le Roy, Bertrand; Luciani, Alain; Machado, Fernando; Maggi, Umberto; Maier, Ronald V.; Mefire, Alain C.; Hiramatsu, Kazuhiro; Ordoñez, Carlos; Patrizi, Franca; Planells, Manuel; Peitzman, Andrew B.; Pekolj, Juan; Perdigao, Fabiano; Pereira, Bruno M.; Pessaux, Patrick; Pisano, Michele; Puyana, Juan C.; Rizoli, Sandro; Portigliotti, Luca; Romito, Raffaele; Sakakushev, Boris; Sanei, Behnam; Scatton, Olivier; Serradilla-Martin, Mario; Schneck, Anne-Sophie; Sissoko, Mohammed L.; Sobhani, Iradj; ten Broek, Richard P.; Testini, Mario; Valinas, Roberto; Veloudis, Giorgos; Vitali, Giulio C.; Weber, Dieter; Zorcolo, Luigi; Giuliante, Felice; Gavriilidis, Paschalis; Fuks, David; Sommacale, Daniele
Abstract Bile duct injury (BDI) is a dangerous complication of cholecystectomy, with significant postoperative sequelae for the patient in terms of morbidity, mortality, and long-term quality of life. BDIs have an estimated incidence of 0.4–1.5%, but considering the number of cholecystectomies performed worldwide, mostly by laparoscopy, surgeons must be prepared to manage this surgical challenge. Most BDIs are recognized either during the procedure or in the immediate postoperative period. However, some BDIs may be discovered later during the postoperative period, and this may translate to delayed or inappropriate treatments. Providing a specific diagnosis and a precise description of the BDI will expedite the decision-making process and increase the chance of treatment success. Subsequently, the choice and timing of the appropriate reconstructive strategy have a critical role in long-term prognosis. Currently, a wide spectrum of multidisciplinary interventions with different degrees of invasiveness is indicated for BDI management. These World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines have been produced following an exhaustive review of the current literature and an international expert panel discussion with the aim of providing evidence-based recommendations to facilitate and standardize the detection and management of BDIs during cholecystectomy. In particular, the 2020 WSES guidelines cover the following key aspects: (1) strategies to minimize the risk of BDI during cholecystectomy; (2) BDI rates in general surgery units and review of surgical practice; (3) how to classify, stage, and report BDI once detected; (4) how to manage an intraoperatively detected BDI; (5) indications for antibiotic treatment; (6) indications for clinical, biochemical, and imaging investigations for suspected BDI; and (7) how to manage a postoperatively detected BDI.
Open Access
2023 WSES guidelines for the prevention, detection, and management of iatrogenic urinary tract injuries (IUTIs) during emergency digestive surgery
(2023-09-09) de’Angelis, Nicola; Schena, Carlo A.; Marchegiani, Francesco; Reitano, Elisa; De Simone, Belinda; Wong, Geoffrey Y. M.; Martínez-Pérez, Aleix; Abu-Zidan, Fikri M.; Agnoletti, Vanni; Aisoni, Filippo; Ammendola, Michele; Ansaloni, Luca; Bala, Miklosh; Biffl, Walter; Ceccarelli, Graziano; Ceresoli, Marco; Chiara, Osvaldo; Chiarugi, Massimo; Cimbanassi, Stefania; Coccolini, Federico; Coimbra, Raul; Di Saverio, Salomone; Diana, Michele; Dioguardi Burgio, Marco; Fraga, Gustavo; Gavriilidis, Paschalis; Gurrado, Angela; Inchingolo, Riccardo; Ingels, Alexandre; Ivatury, Rao; Kashuk, Jeffry L.; Khan, Jim; Kirkpatrick, Andrew W.; Kim, Fernando J.; Kluger, Yoram; Lakkis, Zaher; Leppäniemi, Ari; Maier, Ronald V.; Memeo, Riccardo; Moore, Ernest E.; Ordoñez, Carlos A.; Peitzman, Andrew B.; Pellino, Gianluca; Picetti, Edoardo; Pikoulis, Manos; Pisano, Michele; Podda, Mauro; Romeo, Oreste; Rosa, Fausto; Tan, Edward; Ten Broek, Richard P.; Testini, Mario; Tian Wei Cheng, Brian A.; Weber, Dieter; Sacco, Emilio; Sartelli, Massimo; Tonsi, Alfredo; Dal Moro, Fabrizio; Catena, Fausto
Abstract Iatrogenic urinary tract injury (IUTI) is a severe complication of emergency digestive surgery. It can lead to increased postoperative morbidity and mortality and have a long-term impact on the quality of life. The reported incidence of IUTIs varies greatly among the studies, ranging from 0.3 to 1.5%. Given the high volume of emergency digestive surgery performed worldwide, there is a need for well-defined and effective strategies to prevent and manage IUTIs. Currently, there is a lack of consensus regarding the prevention, detection, and management of IUTIs in the emergency setting. The present guidelines, promoted by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), were developed following a systematic review of the literature and an international expert panel discussion. The primary aim of these WSES guidelines is to provide evidence-based recommendations to support clinicians and surgeons in the prevention, detection, and management of IUTIs during emergency digestive surgery. The following key aspects were considered: (1) effectiveness of preventive interventions for IUTIs during emergency digestive surgery; (2) intra-operative detection of IUTIs and appropriate management strategies; (3) postoperative detection of IUTIs and appropriate management strategies and timing; and (4) effectiveness of antibiotic therapy (including type and duration) in case of IUTIs.
Open Access
26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3
(2017-08-18) Newton, Adam J H; Seidenstein, Alexandra H; McDougal, Robert A; Pérez-Cervera, Alberto; Huguet, Gemma; M-Seara, Tere; Haimerl, Caroline; Angulo-Garcia, David; Torcini, Alessandro; Cossart, Rosa; Malvache, Arnaud; Skiker, Kaoutar; Maouene, Mounir; Ragognetti, Gianmarco; Lorusso, Letizia; Viggiano, Andrea; Marcelli, Angelo; Senatore, Rosa; Parziale, Antonio; Stramaglia, S.; Pellicoro, M.; Angelini, L.; Amico, E.; Aerts, H.; Cortés, J.; Laureys, S.; Marinazzo, D.; Stramaglia, S.; Bassez, I.; Faes, L.; Almgren, Hannes; Razi, Adeel; Van de Steen, Frederik; Krebs, Ruth; Aerts, Hannelore; Kanari, Lida; Dlotko, Pawel; Scolamiero, Martina; Levi, Ran; Shillcock, Julian; de Kock, Christiaan P; Hess, Kathryn; Markram, Henry; Ly, Cheng; Marsat, Gary; Gillespie, Tom; Sandström, Malin; Abrams, Mathew; Grethe, Jeffrey S; Martone, Maryann; De Gernier, Robin; Solinas, Sergio; Rössert, Christian; Haelterman, Marc; Massar, Serge; Pasquale, Valentina; Pastore, Vito P; Martinoia, Sergio; Massobrio, Paolo; Capone, Cristiano; Tort-Colet, Núria; Sanchez-Vives, Maria V; Mattia, Maurizio; Almasi, Ali; Cloherty, Shaun L; Grayden, David B; Wong, Yan T; Ibbotson, Michael R; Meffin, Hamish; Prince, Luke Y; Tsaneva-Atanasova, Krasimira; Mellor, Jack R; Mazzoni, Alberto; Rosa, Manuela; Carpaneto, Jacopo; Romito, Luigi M; Priori, Alberto; Micera, Silvestro; Migliore, Rosanna; Lupascu, Carmen A; Franchina, Francesco; Bologna, Luca L; Romani, Armando; Saray, Sára; Van Geit, Werner; Káli, Szabolcs; Thomson, Alex; Mercer, Audrey; Lange, Sigrun; Falck, Joanne; Muller, Eilif; Schürmann, Felix; Todorov, Dmitrii; Capps, Robert; Barnett, William; Molkov, Yaroslav; Devalle, Federico; Pazó, Diego; Montbrió, Ernest; Mochol, Gabriela; Azab, Habiba; Hayden, Benjamin Y; Moreno-Bote, Rubén; Balasubramani, Pragathi P; Chakravarthy, Srinivasa V; Muddapu, Vignayanandam R; Gheorghiu, Medorian D; Mimica, Bartul; Withlock, Jonathan; Mureșan, Raul C; Zick, Jennifer L; Schultz, Kelsey; Blackman, Rachael K; Chafee, Matthew V; Netoff, Theoden I; Roberts, Nicholas; Nagaraj, Vivek; Lamperski, Andrew; Netoff, Theoden I; Grado, Logan L; Johnson, Matthew D; Darrow, David P; Lonardoni, Davide; Amin, Hayder; Di Marco, Stefano; Maccione, Alessandro; Berdondini, Luca; Nieus, Thierry; Stimberg, Marcel; Goodman, Dan F M; Nowotny, Thomas; Koren, Veronika; Dragoi, Valentin; Obermayer, Klaus; Castro, Samy; Fernandez, Mariano; El-Deredy, Wael; Xu, Kesheng; Maidana, Jean P; Orio, Patricio; Chen, Weiliang; Hepburn, Iain; Casalegno, Francesco; Devresse, Adrien; Ovcharenko, Aleksandr; Pereira, Fernando; Delalondre, Fabien; De Schutter, Erik; Bratby, Peter; Gallimore, Andrew R; Klingbeil, Guido; Zamora, Criseida; Zang, Yunliang; Crotty, Patrick; Palmerduca, Eric; Antonietti, Alberto; Casellato, Claudia; Erö, Csaba; D’Angelo, Egidio; Gewaltig, Marc-Oliver; Pedrocchi, Alessandra; Bytschok, Ilja; Dold, Dominik; Schemmel, Johannes; Meier, Karlheinz; Petrovici, Mihai A; Shen, Hui-An; Surace, Simone C; Pfister, Jean-Pascal; Lefebvre, Baptiste; Marre, Olivier; Yger, Pierre; Papoutsi, Athanasia; Park, Jiyoung; Ash, Ryan; Smirnakis, Stelios; Poirazi, Panayiota; Felix, Richard A; Dimitrov, Alexander G; Portfors, Christine; Daun, Silvia; Toth, Tibor I; Jędrzejewska-Szmek, Joanna; Kabbani, Nadine; Blackwel, Kim T; Moezzi, Bahar; Schaworonkow, Natalie; Plogmacher, Lukas; Goldsworthy, Mitchell R; Hordacre, Brenton; McDonnell, Mark D; Iannella, Nicolangelo; Ridding, Michael C; Triesch, Jochen; Maex, Reinoud; Safaryan, Karen; Steuber, Volker; Tang, Rongxiang; Tang, Yi-Yuan; Verveyko, Darya V; Brazhe, Alexey R; Verisokin, Andrey Y; Postnov, Dmitry E; Günay, Cengiz; Panuccio, Gabriella; Giugliano, Michele; Prinz, Astrid A; Varona, Pablo; Rabinovich, Mikhail I; Denham, Jack; Ranner, Thomas; Cohen, Netta; Reva, Maria; Rebola, Nelson; Kirizs, Tekla; Nusser, Zoltan; DiGregorio, David; Mavritsaki, Eirini; Rentzelas, Panos; Ukani, Nikul H; Tomkins, Adam; Yeh, Chung-Heng; Bruning, Wesley; Fenichel, Allison L; Zhou, Yiyin; Huang, Yu-Chi; Florescu, Dorian; Ortiz, Carlos L; Richmond, Paul; Lo, Chung-Chuan; Coca, Daniel; Chiang, Ann-Shyn; Lazar, Aurel A; Moezzi, Bahar; Creaser, Jennifer L; Lin, Congping; Ashwin, Peter; Brown, Jonathan T; Ridler, Thomas; Levenstein, Daniel; Watson, Brendon O; Buzsáki, György; Rinzel, John; Curtu, Rodica; Nguyen, Anh; Assadzadeh, Sahand; Robinson, Peter A; Sanz-Leon, Paula; Forlim, Caroline G; de Almeida, Lírio O B; Pinto, Reynaldo D; Rodríguez, Francisco B; Lareo, Ángel; Forlim, Caroline G; Rodríguez, Francisco B; Montero, Aaron; Mosqueiro, Thiago; Huerta, Ramon; Rodriguez, Francisco B; Changoluisa, Vinicio; Rodriguez, Francisco B; Cordeiro, Vinícius L; Ceballos, César C; Kamiji, Nilton L; Roque, Antonio C; Lytton, William W; Knox, Andrew; Rosenthal, Joshua J C; Daun, Silvia; Popovych, Svitlana; Liu, Liqing; Wang, Bin A; Tóth, Tibor I; Grefkes, Christian; Fink, Gereon R; Rosjat, Nils; Perez-Trujillo, Abraham; Espinal, Andres; Sotelo-Figueroa, Marco A; Cruz-Aceves, Ivan; Rostro-Gonzalez, Horacio; Zapotocky, Martin; Hoskovcová, Martina; Kopecká, Jana; Ulmanová, Olga; Růžička, Evžen; Gärtner, Matthias; Duvarci, Sevil; Roeper, Jochen; Schneider, Gaby; Albert, Stefan; Schmack, Katharina; Remme, Michiel; Schreiber, Susanne; Migliore, Michele; Lupascu, Carmen A; Bologna, Luca L; Antonel, Stefano M; Courcol, Jean-Denis; Schürmann, Felix; Çelikok, Sami U; Navarro-López, Eva M; Şengör, Neslihan S; Elibol, Rahmi; Sengor, Neslihan S; Özdemir, Mustafa Y; Li, Tianyi; Arleo, Angelo; Sheynikhovich, Denis; Nakamura, Akihiro; Shimono, Masanori; Song, Youngjo; Park, Sol; Choi, Ilhwan; Jeong, Jaeseung; Shin, Hee-sup; Sadeh, Sadra; Gleeson, Padraig; Angus Silver, R.; Chatzikalymniou, Alexandra P; Skinner, Frances K; Sanchez-Rodriguez, Lazaro M; Sotero, Roberto C; Hertäg, Loreen; Mackwood, Owen; Sprekeler, Henning; Puhlmann, Steffen; Weber, Simon N; Higgins, David; Naumann, Laura B; Weber, Simon N; Iyer, Ramakrisnan; Mihalas, Stefan; Ticcinelli, Valentina; Stankovski, Tomislav; McClintock, Peter V E; Stefanovska, Aneta; Janjić, Predrag; Solev, Dimitar; Seifert, Gerald; Kocarev, Ljupčo; Steinhäuser, Christian; Salmasi, Mehrdad; Glasauer, Stefan; Stemmler, Martin; Zhang, Danke; Zhang, Chi; Stepanyants, Armen; Goncharenko, Julia; Kros, Lieke; Davey, Neil; de Zeeuw, Chris; Hoebeek, Freek; Sinha, Ankur; Adams, Roderick; Schmuker, Michael; Psarrou, Maria; Schilstra, Maria; Torben-Nielsen, Benjamin; Metzner, Christoph; Schweikard, Achim; Mäki-Marttunen, Tuomo; Zurowski, Bartosz; Marinazzo, Daniele; Faes, Luca; Stramaglia, Sebastiano; Jordan, Henry O C; Stringer, Simon M; Gajewska-Dendek, Elżbieta; Suffczyński, Piotr; Tam, Nicoladie; Zouridakis, George; Pollonini, Luca; Tang, Yi-Yuan; Asl, Mojtaba M; Valizadeh, Alireza; Tass, Peter A; Nold, Andreas; Fan, Wei; Konrad, Sara; Endle, Heiko; Vogt, Johannes; Tchumatchenko, Tatjana; Herpich, Juliane; Tetzlaff, Christian; Luboeinski, Jannik; Nachstedt, Timo; Ciba, Manuel; Bahmer, Andreas; Thielemann, Christiane; Kuebler, Eric S; Tauskela, Joseph S; Thivierge, Jean-Philippe; Bakker, Rembrandt; García-Amado, María; Evangelio, Marian; Clascá, Francisco; Tiesinga, Paul; Buckley, Christopher L; Toyoizumi, Taro; Dubreuil, Alexis M; Monasson, Rémi; Treves, Alessandro; Spalla, Davide; Rosay, Sophie; Kleberg, Florence I; Wong, Willy; de Oliveira Floriano, Bruno; Matsuo, Toshihiko; Uchida, Tetsuya; Dibenedetto, Domenica; Uludağ, Kâmil; Goodarzinick, Abdorreza; Schmidt, Maximilian; Hilgetag, Claus C; Diesmann, Markus; van Albada, Sacha J; Fauth, Michael; van Rossum, Mark; Reyes-Sánchez, Manuel; Amaducci, Rodrigo; Muñiz, Carlos; Varona, Pablo; Elices, Irene; Arroyo, David; Levi, Rafael; Cohen, Ben; Chow, Carson; Vattikuti, Shashaank; Bertolotti, Elena; Burioni, Raffaella; di Volo, Matteo; Vezzani, Alessandro; Menzat, Bayar; Vogels, Tim P; Wagatsuma, Nobuhiko; Saha, Susmita; Kapoor, Reena; Kerr, Robert; Wagner, John; del Molino, Luis C G; Yang, Guangyu R; Mejias, Jorge F; Wang, Xiao-Jing; Song, Hanbing; Goodliffe, Joseph; Luebke, Jennifer; Weaver, Christina M; Thomas, John; Sinha, Nishant; Shaju, Nikhita; Maszczyk, Tomasz; Jin, Jing; Cash, Sydney S; Dauwels, Justin; Brandon Westover, M.; Karimian, Maryam; Moerel, Michelle; De Weerd, Peter; Burwick, Thomas; Westra, Ronald L; Abeysuriya, Romesh; Hadida, Jonathan; Sotiropoulos, Stamatios; Jbabdi, Saad; Woolrich, Mark; Bensmail, Chama; Wrobel, Borys; Zhou, Xiaolong; Ji, Zilong; Liu, Xiao; Xia, Yan; Wu, Si; Wang, Xiao; Zhang, Mingsha; Wu, Si; Ofer, Netanel; Shefi, Orit; Yaari, Gur; Carnevale, Ted; Majumdar, Amit; Sivagnanam, Subhashini; Yoshimoto, Kenneth; Smirnova, Elena Y; Amakhin, Dmitry V; Malkin, Sergey L; Zaitsev, Aleksey V; Chizhov, Anton V; Zaleshina, Margarita; Zaleshin, Alexander; Barranca, Victor J; Zhu, George; Skilling, Quinton M; Maruyama, Daniel; Ognjanovski, Nicolette; Aton, Sara J; Zochowski, Michal; Wu, Jiaxing; Aton, Sara; Rich, Scott; Booth, Victoria; Budak, Maral; Dura-Bernal, Salvador; Neymotin, Samuel A; Suter, Benjamin A; Shepherd, Gordon M G; Felton, Melvin A; Yu, Alfred B; Boothe, David L; Oie, Kelvin S; Franaszczuk, Piotr J; Shuvaev, Sergey A; Başerdem, Batuhan; Zador, Anthony; Koulakov, Alexei A; López-Madrona, Víctor J; Pereda, Ernesto; Mirasso, Claudio R; Canals, Santiago; Masoli, Stefano; Rongala, Udaya B; Mazzoni, Alberto; Spanne, Anton; Jorntell, Henrik; Oddo, Calogero M; Vartanov, Alexander V; Neklyudova, Anastasia K; Kozlovskiy, Stanislav A; Kiselnikov, Andrey A; Marakshina, Julia A; Teleńczuk, Maria; Teleńczuk, Bartosz; Destexhe, Alain; Kuokkanen, Paula T; Kraemer, Anna; McColgan, Thomas; Carr, Catherine E; Kempter, Richard
Open Access
30+ years of media analysis of relevance to chronic disease: a scoping review
(2020-03-20) Rowbotham, Samantha; Astell-Burt, Thomas; Barakat, Tala; Hawe, Penelope
Abstract Background Chronic, non-communicable diseases are a significant public health priority, requiring action at individual, community and population levels, and public and political will for such action. Exposure to media, including news, entertainment, and advertising media, is likely to influence both individual behaviours, and attitudes towards preventive actions at the population level. In recent years there has been a proliferation of research exploring how chronic diseases and their risk factors are portrayed across various forms of media. This scoping review aims to map the literature in this area to identify key themes, gaps, and opportunities for future research in this area. Methods We searched three databases (Medline, PsycINFO and Global Health) in July 2016 and identified 499 original research articles meeting inclusion criteria: original research article, published in English, focusing on media representations of chronic disease (including how issues are framed in media, impact or effect of media representations, and factors that influence media representations). We extracted key data from included articles and examined the health topics, media channels and methods of included studies, and synthesised key themes across studies. Results Our findings show that research on media portrayals of chronic disease increased substantially between 1985 and 2016. Smoking and nutrition were the most frequent health topics, and television and print were the most common forms of media examined, although, as expected, research on online and social media channels has increased in recent years. The majority of studies focused on the amount and type of media coverage, including how issues are framed, typically using content analysis approaches. In comparison, there was much less research on the influences on and consequences of media coverage related to chronic disease, suggesting an important direction for future work. Conclusions The results highlight key themes across media research of relevance to chronic disease. More in-depth syntheses of studies within the identified themes will allow us to draw out the key patterns and learnings across the literature.
Open Access
37th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (part 2 of 3)
(2017-03-21) Rob, D.; Špunda, R.; Lindner, J.; Šmalcová, J.; Šmíd, O.; Kovárník, T.; Linhart, A.; Bìlohlávek, J.; Marinoni, M. M; Cianchi, G.; Trapani, S.; Migliaccio, M. L; Gucci, L.; Bonizzoli, M.; Cramaro, A.; Cozzolino, M.; Valente, S.; Peris, A.; Grins, E.; Kort, E.; Weiland, M.; Shresta, N. M; Davidson, P.; Algotsson, L.; Fitch, S.; Marco, G.; Sturgill, J.; Lee, S.; Dickinson, M.; Boeve, T.; Khaghani, A.; Wilton, P.; Jovinge, S.; Ahmad, A. N; Loveridge, R.; Vlachos, S.; Patel, S.; Gelandt, E.; Morgan, L.; Butt, S.; Whitehorne, M.; Kakar, V.; Park, C.; Hayes, M.; Willars, C.; Hurst, T.; Best, T.; Vercueil, A.; Auzinger, G.; Adibelli, B.; Akovali, N.; Torgay, A.; Zeyneloglu, P.; Pirat, A.; Kayhan, Z.; Schmidbauer, S. S; Herlitz, J.; Karlsson, T.; Friberg, H.; Knafelj, R.; Radsel, P.; Duprez, F.; Bonus, T.; Cuvelier, G.; Mashayekhi, S.; Maka, M.; Ollieuz, S.; Reychler, G.; Mosaddegh, R.; Abbasi, S.; Talaee, S.; Zotzmann, V. Z; Staudacher, D. S; Wengenmayer, T. W; Dürschmied, D. D; Bode, C. B; Nelskylä, A.; Nurmi, J.; Jousi, M.; Schramko, A.; Mervaala, E.; Ristagno, G.; Skrifvars, M.; Ozsoy, G.; Kendirli, T.; Azapagasi, E.; Perk, O.; Gadirova, U.; Ozcinar, E.; Cakici, M.; Baran, C.; Durdu, S.; Uysalel, A.; Dogan, M.; Ramoglu, M.; Ucar, T.; Tutar, E.; Atalay, S.; Akar, R.; Kamps, M.; Leeuwerink, G.; Hofmeijer, J.; Hoiting, O.; Van der Hoeven, J.; Hoedemaekers, C.; Konkayev, A.; Kuklin, V.; Kondratyev, T.; Konkayeva, M.; Akhatov, N.; Sovershaev, M.; Tveita, T.; Dahl, V.; Wihersaari, L.; Skrifvars, M. B; Bendel, S.; Kaukonen, K. M; Vaahersalo, J.; Romppanen, J.; Pettilä, V.; Reinikainen, M.; Lybeck, A.; Cronberg, T.; Nielsen, N.; Friberg, H.; Rauber, M.; Steblovnik, K.; Jazbec, A.; Noc, M.; Kalasbail, P.; Garrett, F.; Kulstad, E.; Bergström, D. J; Olsson, H. R; Schmidbauer, S.; Friberg, H.; Mandel, I.; Mikheev, S.; Podoxenov, Y.; Suhodolo, I.; Podoxenov, A.; Svirko, J.; Sementsov, A.; Maslov, L.; Shipulin, V.; Vammen, L. V; Rahbek, S. R; Secher, N. S; Povlsen, J. P; Jessen, N. J; Løfgren, B. L; Granfeldt, A. G; Grossestreuer, A.; Perman, S.; Patel, P.; Ganley, S.; Portmann, J.; Cocchi, M.; Donnino, M.; Nassar, Y.; Fathy, S.; Gaber, A.; Mokhtar, S.; Chia, Y. C; Lewis-Cuthbertson, R.; Mustafa, K.; Sabra, A.; Evans, A.; Bennett, P.; Eertmans, W.; Genbrugge, C.; Boer, W.; Dens, J.; De Deyne, C.; Jans, F.; Skorko, A.; Thomas, M.; Casadio, M.; Coppo, A.; Vargiolu, A.; Villa, J.; Rota, M.; Avalli, L.; Citerio, G.; Moon, J. B; Cho, J. H; Park, C. W; Ohk, T. G; Shin, M. C; Won, M. H; Papamichalis, P.; Zisopoulou, V.; Dardiotis, E.; Karagiannis, S.; Papadopoulos, D.; Zafeiridis, T.; Babalis, D.; Skoura, A.; Staikos, I.; Komnos, A.; Passos, S. S; Maeda, F.; Souza, L. S; Filho, A. A; Granjeia, T. A G; Schweller, M.; Franci, D.; De Carvalho Filho, M.; Santos, T. M; De Azevedo, P.; Wall, R.; Welters, I.; Tansuwannarat, P.; Sanguanwit, P.; Langer, T.; Carbonara, M.; Caccioppola, A.; Fusarini, C. F; Carlesso, E.; Paradiso, E.; Battistini, M.; Cattaneo, E.; Zadek, F.; Maiavacca, R.; Stocchetti, N.; Pesenti, A.; Ramos, A.; Acharta, F.; Toledo, J.; Perezlindo, M.; Lovesio, L.; Dogliotti, A.; Lovesio, C.; Schroten, N.; Van der Veen, B.; De Vries, M. C; Veenstra, J.; Abulhasan, Y. B; Rachel, S.; Châtillon-Angle, M.; Alabdulraheem, N.; Schiller, I.; Dendukuri, N.; Angle, M.; Frenette, C.; Lahiri, S.; Schlick, K.; Mayer, S. A; Lyden, P.; Akatsuka, M.; Arakawa, J.; Yamakage, M.; Rubio, J.; Mateo-Sidron, J. A R; Sierra, R.; Celaya, M.; Benitez, L.; Alvarez-Ossorio, S.; Rubio, J.; Mateo-Sidron, J. A R; Sierra, R.; Fernandez, A.; Gonzalez, O.; Engquist, H.; Rostami, E.; Enblad, P.; Toledo, J.; Ramos, A.; Acharta, F.; Canullo, L.; Nallino, J.; Dogliotti, A.; Lovesio, C.; Perreault, M.; Talic, J.; Frenette, A. J; Burry, L.; Bernard, F.; Williamson, D. R; Adukauskiene, D.; Cyziute, J.; Adukauskaite, A.; Malciene, L.; Luca, L.; Rogobete, A.; Bedreag, O.; Papurica, M.; Sarandan, M.; Cradigati, C.; Popovici, S.; Vernic, C.; Sandesc, D.; Avakov, V.; Shakhova, I.; Trimmel, H.; Majdan, M.; Herzer, G. H; Sokoloff, C. S; Albert, M.; Williamson, D.; Odier, C.; Giguère, J.; Charbonney, E.; Bernard, F.; Husti, Z.; Kaptás, T.; Fülep, Z.; Gaál, Z.; Tusa, M.; Donnelly, J.; Aries, M.; Czosnyka, M.; Robba, C.; Liu, M.; Ercole, A.; Menon, D.; Hutchinson, P.; Smielewski, P.; López, R.; Graf, J.; Montes, J. M; Kenawi, M.; Kandil, A.; Husein, K.; Samir, A.; Heijneman, J.; Huijben, J.; Abid-Ali, F.; Stolk, M.; Van Bommel, J.; Lingsma, H.; Van der Jagt, M.; Cihlar, R. C; Mancino, G.; Bertini, P.; Forfori, F.; Guarracino, F.; Pavelescu, D.; Grintescu, I.; Mirea, L.; Alamri, S.; Tharwat, M.; Kono, N.; Okamoto, H.; Uchino, H.; Ikegami, T.; Fukuoka, T.; Simoes, M.; Trigo, E.; Coutinho, P.; Pimentel, J.; Franci, A.; Basagni, D.; Boddi, M.; Cozzolino, M.; Anichini, V.; Cecchi, A.; Peris, A.; Markopoulou, D.; Venetsanou, K.; Papanikolaou, I.; Barkouri, T.; Chroni, D.; Alamanos, I.; Cingolani, E.; Bocci, M. G; Pisapia, L.; Tersali, A.; Cutuli, S. L; Fiore, V.; Palma, A.; Nardi, G.; Antonelli, M.; Coke, R.; Kwong, A.; Dwivedi, D. J; Xu, M.; McDonald, E.; Marshall, J. C; Fox-Robichaud, A. E; Charbonney, E.; Liaw, P. C; Kuchynska, I.; Malysh, I. R; Zgrzheblovska, L. V; Mestdagh, L.; Verhoeven, E. F; Hubloue, I.; Ruel-laliberte, J.; Zarychanski, R.; Lauzier, F.; Bonaventure, P. L; Green, R.; Griesdale, D.; Fowler, R.; Kramer, A.; Zygun, D.; Walsh, T.; Stanworth, S.; Léger, C.; Turgeon, A. F; Baron, D. M; Baron-Stefaniak, J.; Leitner, G. C; Ullrich, R.; Tarabrin, O.; Mazurenko, A.; Potapchuk, Y.; Sazhyn, D.; Tarabrin, P.; Tarabrin, O.; Mazurenko, A.; Potapchuk, Y.; Sazhyn, D.; Tarabrin, P.; Pérez, A. G; Silva, J.; Artemenko, V.; Bugaev, A.; Tokar, I.; Konashevskaya, S.; Kolesnikova, I. M; Roitman, E. V; Kiss, T. R; Máthé, Z.; Piros, L.; Dinya, E.; Tihanyi, E.; Smudla, A.; Fazakas, J.; Ubbink, R.; Boekhorst te, P.; Mik, E.; Caneva, L.; Ticozzelli, G.; Pirrelli, S.; Passador, D.; Riccardi, F.; Ferrari, F.; Roldi, E. M; Di Matteo, M.; Bianchi, I.; Iotti, G. A; Zurauskaite, G.; Voegeli, A.; Meier, M.; Koch, D.; Haubitz, S.; Kutz, A.; Bargetzi, M.; Mueller, B.; Schuetz, P.; Von Meijenfeldt, G.; Van der Laan, M.; Zeebregts, C.; Christopher, K. B; Vernikos, P.; Melissopoulou, T.; Kanellopoulou, G.; Panoutsopoulou, M.; Xanthis, D.; Kolovou, K.; Kypraiou, T.; Floros, J.; Broady, H.; Pritchett, C.; Marshman, M.; Jannaway, N.; Ralph, C.; Lehane, C. L; Keyl, C. K; Zimmer, E. Z; Trenk, D. T; Ducloy-Bouthors, A. S; Jonard, M. J; Fourrier, F.; Piza, F.; Correa, T.; Marra, A.; Guerra, J.; Rodrigues, R.; Vilarinho, A.; Aranda, V.; Shiramizo, S.; Lima, M. R; Kallas, E.; Cavalcanti, A. B; Donoso, M.; Vargas, P.; Graf, J.; McCartney, J.; Ramsay, S.; McDowall, K.; Novitzky-Basso, I.; Wright, C.; Medic, M G; Bielen, L; Radonic, V; Zlopasa, O; Vrdoljak, N G; Gasparovic, V; Radonic, R; Narváez, G.; Cabestrero, D.; Rey, L.; Aroca, M.; Gallego, S.; Higuera, J.; De Pablo, R.; González, L. R; Chávez, G. N; Lucas, J. H; Alonso, D. C; Ruiz, M. A; Valarezo, L. J; De Pablo Sánchez, R.; Real, A. Q; Wigmore, T. W; Bendavid, I.; Cohen, J.; Avisar, I.; Serov, I.; Kagan, I.; Singer, P.; Hanison, J; Mirza, U; Conway, D; Takasu, A.; Tanaka, H.; Otani, N.; Ohde, S.; Ishimatsu, S.; Coffey, F; Dissmann, P; Mirza, K; Lomax, M; Dissmann, P.; Coffey, F.; Mirza, K.; Lomax, M.; Miner, JR; Leto, R; Markota, AM; Gradišek, PG; Aleksejev, VA; Sinkovič, AS; Romagnoli, S.; Chelazzi, C.; Zagli, G.; Benvenuti, F.; Mancinelli, P.; Boninsegni, P.; Paparella, L.; Bos, A. T; Thomas, O.; Goslar, T.; Knafelj, R.; Perreault, M.; Martone, A.; Sandu, P. R; Rosu, V. A; Capilnean, A.; Murgoi, P.; Frenette, A. J; Lecavalier, A.; Jayaraman, D.; Rico, P.; Bellemare, P.; Gelinas, C.; Williamson, D.; Nishida, T.; Kinoshita, T.; Iwata, N.; Yamakawa, K.; Fujimi, S.; Maggi, L.; Sposato, F.; Citterio, G.; Bonarrigo, C.; Rocco, M.; Zani, V.; De Blasi, R. A; Alcorn, D; Barry, L; Riedijk, M. A; Milstein, D. M; Caldas, J.; Panerai, R.; Camara, L.; Ferreira, G.; Bor-Seng-Shu, E.; Lima, M.; Galas, F.; Mian, N.; Nogueira, R.; de Oliveira, G. Q; Almeida, J.; Jardim, J.; Robinson, T. G; Gaioto, F.; Hajjar, L. A; Zabolotskikh, I.; Musaeva, T.; Saasouh, W.; Freeman, J.; Turan, A.; Saseedharan, S.; Pathrose, E.; Poojary, S.; Messika, J.; Martin, Y.; Maquigneau, N.; Henry-Lagarrigue, M.; Puechberty, C.; Stoclin, A.; Martin-Lefevre, L.; Blot, F.; Dreyfuss, D.; Dechanet, A.; Hajage, D.; Ricard, J.; Almeida, E.; Almeida, J.; Landoni, G.; Galas, F.; Fukushima, J.; Fominskiy, E.; De Brito, C.; Cavichio, L.; Almeida, L.; Ribeiro, U.; Osawa, E.; Boltes, R.; Battistella, L.; Hajjar, L.; Fontela, P.; Lisboa, T.; Junior, L. F; Friedman, G. F; Abruzzi, F.; Primo, J. A P; Filho, P. M; de Andrade, J. S; Brenner, K. M; boeira, M. S; Leães, C.; Rodrigues, C.; Vessozi, A.; Machado, A. S; Weiler, M.; Bryce, H.; Hudson, A.; Law, T.; Reece-Anthony, R.; Molokhia, A.; Abtahinezhadmoghaddam, F.; Cumber, E.; Channon, L.; Wong, A.; Groome, R.; Gearon, D.; Varley, J.; Wilson, A.; Reading, J.; Wong, A.; Zampieri, F. G; Bozza, F. A; Ferez, M.; Fernandes, H.; Japiassú, A.; Verdeal, J.; Carvalho, A. C; Knibel, M.; Salluh, J. I; Soares, M.; Gao, J.; Ahmadnia, E.; Patel, B.; McCartney, J.; MacKay, A.; Binning, S.; Wright, C.; Pugh, R. J; Battle, C.; Hancock, C.; Harrison, W.; Szakmany, T.; Mulders, F.; Vandenbrande, J.; Dubois, J.; Stessel, B.; Siborgs, K.; Ramaekers, D.; Soares, M.; Silva, U. V; Homena, W. S; Fernandes, G. C; Moraes, A. P; Brauer, L.; Lima, M. F; De Marco, F.; Bozza, F. A; Salluh, J. I; Maric, N.; Mackovic, M.; Udiljak, N.; Bosso, CE; Caetano, RD; Cardoso, AP; Souza, OA; Pena, R; Mescolotte, MM; Souza, IA; Mescolotte, GM; Bangalore, H.; Borrows, E.; Barnes, D.; Ferreira, V.; Azevedo, L.; Alencar, G.; Andrade, A.; Bierrenbach, A.; Buoninsegni, L. T; Bonizzoli, M.; Cecci, L.; Cozzolino, M.; Peris, A.; Lindskog, J.; Rowland, K.; Sturgess, P.; Ankuli, A.; Molokhia, A.; Rosa, R; Tonietto, T; Ascoli, A; Madeira, L; Rutzen, W; Falavigna, M; Robinson, C; Salluh, J; Cavalcanti, A; Azevedo, L; Cremonese, R; Da Silva, D; Dornelles, A; Skrobik, Y; Teles, J; Ribeiro, T; Eugênio, C; Teixeira, C; Zarei, M.; Hashemizadeh, H.; Eriksson, M.; Strandberg, G.; Lipcsey, M.; Larsson, A.; Lignos, M.; Crissanthopoulou, E.; Flevari, K.; Dimopoulos, P.; Armaganidis, A.; Golub, JG; Markota, AM; Stožer, AS; Sinkovič, AS; Rüddel, H.; Ehrlich, C.; Burghold, C. M; Hohenstein, C.; Winning, J.; Sellami, W.; Hajjej, Z.; Bousselmi, M.; Gharsallah, H.; Labbene, I.; Ferjani, M.; Sattler, J.; Steinbrunner, D.; Poppert, H.; Schneider, G.; Blobner, M.; Kanz, K. G; Schaller, S. J; Apap, K.; Xuereb, G.; Xuereb, G.; Apap, K.; Massa, L.; Xuereb, G.; Apap, K.; Massa, L.; Delvau, N.; Penaloza, A; Liistro, G; Thys, F; Delattre, I. K; Hantson, P.; Roy, P. M; Gianello, P.; Hadîrcă, L; Ghidirimschi, A; Catanoi, N; Scurtov, N; Bagrinovschi, M; Sohn, Y. S; Cho, Y. C; Golovin, B.; Creciun, O.; Ghidirimschi, A.; Bagrinovschi, M.; Tabbara, R.; Whitgift, J. Z; Ishimaru, A.; Yaguchi, A.; Akiduki, N.; Namiki, M.; Takeda, M.; Tamminen, J. N; Reinikainen, M.; Uusaro, A.; Taylor, C. G; Mills, E. D; Mackay, A. D; Ponzoni, C.; Rabello, R.; Serpa, A.; Assunção, M.; Pardini, A.; Shettino, G.; Corrêa, T.; Vidal-Cortés, P. V; Álvarez-Rocha, L.; Fernández-Ugidos, P.; Virgós-Pedreira, A.; Pérez-Veloso, M. A; Suárez-Paul, I. M; Del Río-Carbajo, L.; Fernández, S. P; Castro-Iglesias, A.; Butt, A.; Alghabban, A. A; Khurshid, S. K; Ali, Z. A; Nizami, I. N; Salahuddin, N. S; Alshahrani, M.; Alsubaie, A. W; Alshamsy, A. S; Alkhiliwi, B. A; Alshammari, H. K; Alshammari, M. B; Telmesani, N. K; Alshammari, R. B; Asonto, L. P; Zampieri, F. G; Damiani, L. P; Bozza, F; Salluh, J. I; Cavalcanti, A. B; El Khattate, A.; Bizrane, M.; Madani, N.; Belayachi, J.; Abouqal, R.; Ramnarain, D.; Gouw-Donders, B.; Benstoem, C.; Moza, A.; Meybohm, P.; Stoppe, C.; Autschbach, R.; Devane, D.; Goetzenich, A.; Taniguchi, L. U; Araujo, L.; Salgado, G.; Vieira, J. M; Viana, J.; Ziviani, N.; Pessach, I.; Lipsky, A.; Nimrod, A.; O´Connor, M.; Matot, I.; Segal, E.; Kluzik, A.; Gradys, A.; Smuszkiewicz, P.; Trojanowska, I.; Cybulski, M.; De Jong, A.; Sebbane, M.; Chanques, G.; Jaber, S.; Rosa, R.; Robinson, C.; Bessel, M.; Cavalheiro, L.; Madeira, L.; Rutzen, W.; Oliveira, R.; Maccari, J.; Falavigna, M.; Sanchez, E.; Dutra, F.; Dietrich, C.; Balzano, P.; Rezende, J.; Teixeira, C.; Sinha, S.; Majhi, K.; Gorlicki, J. G; Pousset, F. P; Kelly, J.; Aron, J.; Gilbert, A. C; Urankar, N. P; Knafelj, R.; Irazabal, M.; Bosque, M.; Manciño, J.; Kotsopoulos, A.; Jansen, N.; Abdo, W.; Casey, Ú. M; O’Brien, B.; Plant, R.; Doyle, B.
Open Access
3D Markerless asymmetry analysis in the management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
(2018-10-24) Ghaneei, Maliheh; Komeili, Amin; Li, Yong; Parent, Eric C; Adeeb, Samer
Abstract Background Three dimensional (3D) markerless asymmetry analysis was developed to assess and monitor the scoliotic curve. While the developed surface topography (ST) indices demonstrated a strong correlation with the Cobb angle and its change over time, it was reported that the method requires an expert for monitoring the procedure to prevent misclassification for some patients. Therefore, this study aimed at improving the user-independence level of the previously developed 3D markerless asymmetry analysis implementing a new asymmetry threshold without compromising its accuracy in identifying the progressive scoliotic curves. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 128 patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS), with baseline and follow-up radiograph and surface topography assessments. The suggested “cut point” which was used to separate the deformed surfaces of the torso from the undeformed regions, automatically generated deviation patches corresponding to scoliotic curves for all analyzed surface topography scans. Results By changing the “cut point” in the asymmetry analysis for monitoring scoliotic curves progression, the sensitivity for identifying curve progression was increased from 68 to 75%, while the specificity was decreased from 74 to 59%, compared with the original method with different “cut point”. Conclusions These results lead to a more conservative approach in monitoring of scoliotic curves in clinical applications; smaller number of radiographs would be saved, however the risk of having non-measured curves with progression would be decreased.
Open Access
5WBF: a low-cost and straightforward whole blood filtration method suitable for whole-genome sequencing of Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates
(2022-02-16) Coppée, Romain; Mama, Atikatou; Sarrasin, Véronique; Kamaliddin, Claire; Adoux, Lucie; Palazzo, Lawrence; Ndam, Nicaise T.; Letourneur, Franck; Ariey, Frédéric; Houzé, Sandrine; Clain, Jérôme
Abstract Background Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is becoming increasingly helpful to assist malaria control programmes. A major drawback of this approach is the large amount of human DNA compared to parasite DNA extracted from unprocessed whole blood. As red blood cells (RBCs) have a diameter of about 7–8 µm and exhibit some deformability, it was hypothesized that cheap and commercially available 5 µm filters might retain leukocytes but much less of Plasmodium falciparum-infected RBCs. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that such a filtration method, named 5WBF (for 5 µm Whole Blood Filtration), may provide highly enriched parasite material suitable for P. falciparum WGS. Methods Whole blood was collected from five patients experiencing a P. falciparum malaria episode (ring-stage parasitaemia range: 0.04–5.5%) and from mock samples obtained by mixing synchronized, ring-stage cultured P. falciparum 3D7 parasites with uninfected human whole blood (final parasitaemia range: 0.02–1.1%). These whole blood samples (50 to 400 µL) were diluted in RPMI 1640 medium or PBS 1× buffer and filtered with a syringe connected to a 5 µm commercial filter. DNA was extracted from 5WBF-treated and unfiltered counterpart blood samples using a commercial kit. The 5WBF method was evaluated on the ratios of parasite:human DNA assessed by qPCR and by sequencing depth and percentages of coverage from WGS data (Illumina NextSeq 500). As a comparison, the popular selective whole-genome amplification (sWGA) method, which does not rely on blood filtration, was applied to the unfiltered counterpart blood samples. Results After applying 5WBF, qPCR indicated an average of twofold loss in the amount of parasite template DNA (Pf ARN18S gene) and from 4096- to 65,536-fold loss of human template DNA (human β actin gene). WGS analyses revealed that > 95% of the parasite nuclear and organellar genomes were all covered at ≥ 10× depth for all samples tested. In sWGA counterparts, the organellar genomes were poorly covered and from 47.7 to 82.1% of the nuclear genome was covered at ≥ 10× depth depending on parasitaemia. Sequence reads were homogeneously distributed across gene sequences for 5WBF-treated samples (n = 5460 genes; mean coverage: 91×; median coverage: 93×; 5th percentile: 70×; 95th percentile: 103×), allowing the identification of gene copy number variations such as for gch1. This later analysis was not possible for sWGA-treated samples, as a much more heterogeneous distribution of reads across gene sequences was observed (mean coverage: 80×; median coverage: 51×; 5th percentile: 7×; 95th percentile: 245×). Conclusions The novel 5WBF leucodepletion method is simple to implement and based on commercially available, standardized 5 µm filters which cost from 1.0 to 1.7€ per unit depending on suppliers. 5WBF permits extensive genome-wide analysis of P. falciparum ring-stage isolates from minute amounts of whole blood even with parasitaemias as low as 0.02%.
Open Access
7 versus 14 days of antibiotic treatment for critically ill patients with bloodstream infection: a pilot randomized clinical trial
(2018-02-17) Daneman, Nick; Rishu, Asgar H; Pinto, Ruxandra; Aslanian, Pierre; Bagshaw, Sean M; Carignan, Alex; Charbonney, Emmanuel; Coburn, Bryan; Cook, Deborah J; Detsky, Michael E; Dodek, Peter; Hall, Richard; Kumar, Anand; Lamontagne, Francois; Lauzier, Francois; Marshall, John C; Martin, Claudio M; McIntyre, Lauralyn; Muscedere, John; Reynolds, Steven; Sligl, Wendy; Stelfox, Henry T; Wilcox, M. E; Fowler, Robert A
Abstract Background Shorter-duration antibiotic treatment is sufficient for a range of bacterial infections, but has not been adequately studied for bloodstream infections. Our systematic review, survey, and observational study indicated equipoise for a trial of 7 versus 14 days of antibiotic treatment for bloodstream infections; a pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) was a necessary next step to assess feasibility of a larger trial. Methods We conducted an open, pilot RCT of antibiotic treatment duration among critically ill patients with bloodstream infection across 11 intensive care units (ICUs). Antibiotic selection, dosing and route were at the discretion of the treating team; patients were randomized 1:1 to intervention arms consisting of two fixed durations of treatment – 7 versus 14 days. We recruited adults with a positive blood culture yielding pathogenic bacteria identified while in ICU. We excluded patients with severe immunosuppression, foci of infection with an established requirement for prolonged treatment, single cultures with potential contaminants, or cultures yielding Staphylococcus aureus or fungi. The primary feasibility outcomes were recruitment rate and adherence to treatment duration protocol. Secondary outcomes included 90-day, ICU and hospital mortality, relapse of bacteremia, lengths of stay, mechanical ventilation and vasopressor duration, antibiotic-free days, Clostridium difficile, antibiotic adverse events, and secondary infection with antimicrobial-resistant organisms. Results We successfully achieved our target sample size (n = 115) and average recruitment rate of 1 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.3–1.5) patient/ICU/month. Adherence to treatment duration was achieved in 89/115 (77%) patients. Adherence differed by underlying source of infection: 26/31 (84%) lung; 18/29 (62%) intra-abdominal; 20/26 (77%) urinary tract; 8/9 (89%) vascular-catheter; 4/4 (100%) skin/soft tissue; 2/4 (50%) other; and 11/12 (92%) unknown sources. Patients experienced a median (IQR) 14 (8–17) antibiotic-free days (of the 28 days after blood culture collection). Antimicrobial-related adverse events included hepatitis in 1 (1%) patient, Clostridium difficile infection in 4 (4%), and secondary infection with highly resistant microorganisms in 10 (9%). Ascertainment was complete for all study outcomes in ICU, in hospital and at 90 days. Conclusion It is feasible to conduct a RCT to determine whether 7 versus 14 days of antibiotic treatment is associated with comparable 90-day survival. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier: NCT02261506 . Registered on 26 September 2014.
Open Access
A LINC Transceiver for Enhanced Power Transmission in Wireless Systems
(2008-01-27) Abd Elaal, Mohamed; Ghannouchi, Fadhel
A 2×1 LINC transceiver based on linear amplification using nonlinear components (LINC) architecture for wireless systems applications is proposed. The layout of the new architecture is presented and the simulation results show that the overall power efficiency of this architecture is superior by more than 300% when compared with that of a regular LINC amplifier. Also the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) is lowered to −64.2 dBc, compared to −26.1 dBc for regular LINC, which improves the system immunity against complex gain imbalances between LINC branches.
Open Access
A 3-year follow-up study after treatment with simeprevir in combination with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection
(2018-01-30) Zoulim, Fabien; Moreno, Christophe; Lee, Samuel S; Buggisch, Peter; Horban, Andrzej; Lawitz, Eric; Corbett, Chris; Lenz, Oliver; Fevery, Bart; Verbinnen, Thierry; Shukla, Umesh; Jessner, Wolfgang
Abstract Background Simeprevir is approved with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PR) for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) 1 and GT4 infection in the USA and the European Union. Methods This 3-year follow-up study assessed the durability of sustained virologic response (SVR) (undetectable HCV RNA 12 or 24 weeks after treatment end), and evaluated the persistence of treatment-emergent NS3/4A protease inhibitor resistance in patients not achieving SVR following treatment with simeprevir plus PR in the parent study. The maintenance of SVR after the last post-therapy follow-up visit of the parent study (LPVPS) was assessed using HCV RNA measurements. The persistence of treatment-emergent NS3 amino acid substitutions in patients with no SVR at LPVPS was assessed using population sequencing. No study medications were administered. Results Overall, 249 patients were enrolled (200 with SVR at LPVPS; 49 with no SVR at LPVPS); 40 patients discontinued prematurely (18 with SVR; 22 with no SVR). All 200 enrolled patients who achieved SVR in the parent study maintained SVR until the last available visit in this study (median follow-up time: 35.8 months). The treatment-emergent NS3 amino acid substitutions detected at time of failure in the parent study in 43/49 enrolled patients were no longer detected in 37/43 (86.0%) at the end of this study (median follow-up time: 179.9 weeks [41.3 months]). Conclusion This 3-year follow-up study provides evidence for the long-term durability of SVR (100%) after successful treatment with simeprevir plus PR. Treatment-emergent NS3 amino acid substitutions became undetectable in the majority of patients. Trial registration NCT01349465; ClinicalTrials.gov .
Open Access
A Basic Strategy to Manage Global Health with Reference to Livestock Production in Asia
(2011-10-31) Hall, David C.; Le, Quynh Ba
Newly emerging infectious diseases (nEIDs) have increased rapidly presenting alarming challenges to global health. We argue that for effective management of global health a basic strategy should include at least three essential tactical forms: actions of a directly focused nature, institutional coordination, and disciplinary integration in approaches to health management. Each level of action is illustrated with examples from the livestock sector in Asia. No clear example of all three tactical forms in place can be found from developing countries where food security is a significant threat although Vietnam is developing a comprehensive strategy. Finally, an ecosystem health approach to global health management is advocated; such an approach moves away from the traditional single disciplinary approach. Stronger guidance is needed to direct ecohealth research and application in the management of global health.