Quantum Resource Theories for Thermodynamics, Reference Frames, and Uncertainty
Abstract
Quantum information science is at the interface of physics and information theory, with applications including quantum computing and communication. Within this science, a resource theory is a detailed study of a particular class of physical processes, under which the possible state transitions are restricted. Given any initial physical state, the possible final states are also restricted. Initial states with a wealth of possible final states can then be considered more valuable than less versatile initial states, leading to a notion of "resourcefulness" of states. The broad goals of a resource theory include (1) to identify, characterize, and quantify resources; (2) to find an efficient way to determine whether an arbitrary instance of resource conversion is possible; and (3) to relate practical applications to resource conversion.
In this thesis, we will take the resource-theoretic approach to understanding thermodynamics. The mathematical methods used in this work will enable us to also develop resource theories for measurement uncertainty and reference frames; in fact, the resource-theoretic treatment of thermodynamics is a combination of these two.
Our approach is based on a model called thermal operations, applicable on individual quantum-mechanical systems out of thermal equilibrium. We study this model in detail, resulting in a better understanding of the resource of thermal inequilibrium. In a simplified version of the model where quantum coherence is neglected, we find that the conditions for state transitions are already more complex than the classical second law of thermodynamics. We extend the model to quantum systems controlled by classical circuitry. We also extend it to incorporate quantum coherence in the low-temperature limit.
Measurement uncertainty is an important element in quantum mechanics. But its current understanding is through particular measures of uncertainty, such as the variance. We apply the resource theory approach to develop a measure-independent formalism for uncertainty, even in the case where the measurement is on part of a composite system with quantum correlations.
Under physical processes restricted by some symmetry (e.g. rotational symmetry), asymmetric states act as resourceful reference frames. In this resource theory, we find the rate at which large quantities of resources can be interconverted through measurements.
Description
Keywords
Physics--Theory, Statistics
Citation
Narasimhachar, V. (2016). Quantum Resource Theories for Thermodynamics, Reference Frames, and Uncertainty (Doctoral thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca. doi:10.11575/PRISM/27512