Volume 20, Winter 1998

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    Calgary Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 20, Winter 1998
    (University of Calgary, 1998-01) Blair, Leslie; Burns, Christine; Rowsell, Lorna V
    The editors of this volume, Leslie Blair, Christine Bums and Lorna Rowsell are pleased to present the twentieth issue of the Calgary Working Papers in Linguistics published by the department of Linguistics at the University of Calgary. The papers contained in this volume represent works in progress and as such should not be considered in any way final or definitive.
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    Reflexivity and Chinese anaphors: a review of Reinhart and Reuland's Reflexivity
    (University of Calgary, 1998-01) Baggaley, Valerie
    As a departure from Standard Binding Theory, Reinhart and Reuland (1993) argue that binding is about the reflexive properties and interpretation of predicates. This paper provides a summary of this theory of reflexivity and then applies it to Chinese data. Reinhart and Reuland's Condition A and Bare applied to Chinese anaphors and, in several instances, fail to predict the correct results. The binding conditions are found to be too restrictive for they predict ungrammatical sentences, when in fact, the sentences are grammatical; hence reflexivity fails to capture the full range of reflexivity in Chinese.
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    Using digital technology in a voice lesson
    (University of Calgary, 1998-01) Bell, Donald M
    Using new technology requires the pedagogue to research the areas of physiology and acoustics that pertain to phonation. The technology of vocal amplification through sound systems becomes clearer to the user when an analysis defines the results and shows that microphones do not correct vocal faults - they merely amplify them. Some sound systems synthetically add in harmonics. In such cases, the singer is noted as a better recording studio singer than performing artist. Experience tells us that it is better to bring all the tools a voice requires - a full range of harmonics and a pleasing vibrato - with us, rather than rely on recording technology to supply the missing elements. The following sections demonstrate some applications of digital technology to vocal analysis and pedagogy.
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    Italian word-initial consonant clusters in Optimality Theory
    (University of Calgary, 1998-01) Bortolin, Leah
    Despite the attention given to optimality theory (OT), only a small portion of prosodic theory has been addressed under this framework. It is my intention to discuss the implications of OT when it is applied to word-initial consonant clusters in Italian. Davis (1990) describes the restrictions placed on Italian word-initial consonant clusters by outlining syllable formation constraints and a language specific minimal sonority distance which is measured between two adjacent consonants. In this paper, I demonstrate that OT theory cannot apply a sonority hierarchy (or margin hierarchy) within the onset consitituent. That is, the theory cannot compare two adjacent elements within one constituent. By adding an affinity constraint, possible onsets and possible nuclei can be established under OT. Furthermore, lists of possible C1s and C2s can be provided; however, the model cannot ensure that minimal sonority distancing will be fulfilled.
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    On superiority effects in Russian
    (University of Calgary, 1998-01) Karpacheva, Olga
    In this paper I argue that Russian is a [-multiply filled Spec,CP] language: in Russian multiple wh-questions only one wh-word appears in Spec,CP, the rest are adjoined to IP. However, unlike other [-multiply filled Spec,CP] languages, Russian exhibits Superiority effects, which, according to Rudin (1988) are characteristic of [+multiply filled Spec,CP] languages, but not of [multiply filled Spec,CP] ones. I show that, given a few assumptions, the Russian data can be accounted for by the Weak Crossover Principle which was used by Hornstein (1995) to explain Superiority effects in a number of languages. To the extent that the analysis is successful, it provides evidence that a [-multiply filled Spec,CP] language can be subject to the Superiority Condition.