Geochemical fingerprinting approaches to determine the origin of fluids produced from Duvernay Formation wells in west-central Alberta, Canada

Date
2022-12-14
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Abstract

The focus on sustainable hydrocarbon development in Canada continues to intensify. While much of the current focus is on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, other aspects are equally important such as reducing unwanted by-products of resource extraction, including formation water. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate and identify the sources of fluid production from Duvernay Formation wells in west-central Alberta, Canada. Three horizontal Duvernay Formation wells and a vertical cored well were incorporated in the study. A robust set of gas, water, and core material samples were collected from the study wells in addition to data from public and internal databases. Chemical and isotopic analyses were performed on the samples to develop a stratigraphic geochemical model for the study area to determine the origin of produced fluids in the study area.The stratigraphic geochemical model generated from hydrocarbon gas composition and ?13CC2-C3 isotopic analyses revealed produced gas is sourced almost entirely from the Duvernay Formation. Chemical and isotopic analyses (?18Owater, ?2Hwater, and ?34SSO4) from water samples revealed that produced water originates primarily from the formation fluids and not from injected freshwater flowback. Flowback water samples revealed a rapid transition from a freshwater endmember towards a high-salinity brine endmember. Over the 5-month study period, <4 % of the total injected freshwater volume used during hydraulic fracturing was recovered.Chemical and isotopic analyses on solute extracts from core material and on produced brine samples identified carbonate intervals from the upper 47 meters of the underlying Waterways Formation as the likely primary source of produced water in the horizontal study wells. Stratigraphic intervals, including the Duvernay, likely contribute small volumes of water, however the Duvernay’s water fingerprint is overwhelmed by the geochemical fingerprint of water from the Upper Waterways that contained elevated Mg/K and low Na/Ca solute ratios. Naturally occurring faults/fractures and/or hydraulic fractures that connect to the Upper Waterways are the suspected mechanisms behind high water production in the study area. Chemical and isotopic techniques are a suitable tool to identify the sources of fluids produced from the Duvernay Formation.

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Keywords
Duvernay, Duvernay Formation, Devonian, Geochemistry, Isotope Geochemistry, Geochemical Fingerprinting, Water Analyses, Gas Analyses, Alberta, Hydraulic Fracturing, Canada, Produced Water, Oil, Gas, Kaybob, Unconventional Reservoir
Citation
Grimeau, K. N. (2022). Geochemical fingerprinting approaches to determine the origin of fluids produced from Duvernay Formation wells in west-central Alberta, Canada (Master thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca .