Effectiveness of Youth Homelessness Strategies: A Canadian Jurisdictional Evaluation
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Abstract
Age matters when understanding and responding to homelessness. Although adults and youth both experience similar challenges when homeless, youths in particular experience distinct circumstances and pathways that often differ from adults in their causes, consequences, and targeted strategies, as much of their lives have been governed by adult caregivers. With a significant percentage of the homeless population having their first onset of homelessness as a youth, these distinct differences emphasize the importance of providing targeted strategies that are effective and long-term in improving the well-being of youths and preventing chronic homelessness. Therefore, this study aims to explore and analyze the effectiveness of current youth homeless strategies implemented in Canada. A jurisdictional scan was conducted to synthesize information on current youth-related homelessness strategies that have been evaluated and identify current prevention elements associated with successfully improving the well-being of youths at risk or experiencing homelessness. Strategies will be evaluated based on their outcomes on how "effective" it was in addressing the specific needs of homeless youths. This analysis attempts to provide a high-level overview of best practices that could be applicable to homeless youths in Calgary, Alberta. Results shown that evaluated youth-targeted strategies generally have favourable outcomes for youths while also illuminating the gaps in prevention programming that can be improved upon. Understanding of current best practices and evident gaps in prevention strategies for youth homelessness will be helpful in informing policy-makers and shaping potential new policies. Further evaluations on other existing strategies and rural programming for youths are discussed.