Characteristics of dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area and the dorsal raphe nucleus to the orbital frontal cortex
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Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is a region in the brain stem that consists of serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and GABA neurons. The serotonergic projections are well studied; however, the dopamine efferent projections and their effects are not as well understood. The orbital frontal cortex (OFC) is a region known for evaluating stimuli and updating actions depending on previous experience. The OFC receives strong input from DRN serotonergic neurons. However, it is unknown if dopamine neurons of the DRN project to the OFC and how they modulate neuronal activity. While the OFC receives input from ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons, it is unknown how the strength of this dopaminergic input compares with that from the DRN. I hypothesize that, similar to VTA projections, dopamine neurons from the DRN project to the OFC and that they can directly modulate their effect targets. Retrograde and anterograde tracing determined that dopaminergic neurons of the VTA and DRN project to the OFC with similar strength and density of neurons, with greater fibre density in the medial than the lateral OFC. Optogenetically evoked dopamine measured with fast scan cyclic voltammetry in the medial or lateral OFC discovered that the dopamine concentration for each projection was similar regardless of the density of each projection. Integrating optogenetics and electrophysiology determined that the concentration of dopamine (50nM) does not influence the firing of pyramidal neurons in the medial OFC. Overall, we characterize two dopaminergic projections to the medial and lateral OFC.