In many currently operated Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) projects, heterogeneity in either water saturation or permeability has been encountered. Such heterogeneities have been recognized to have detrimental effects on the propagation of steam, thereby resulting in increased water loss, difficult pressure control, and high steam oil ratio. It is expected that the use of an emulsion-assisted geomechanical dilation process would provide a potential approach to achieve conformance control in heterogeneous oil sands and promote a fast and uniform steam distribution within the formation, thereby enhancing SAGD performance and boosting the bitumen recovery. Before such is available, the emulsification, characteristics and flow features of O/W emulsion should be determined. In this thesis, emulsion-based conformance control treatment is proposed and investigated through carefully designed laboratory experiments, mathematical modeling and numerical simulation. Experimental study comprehensively consists of optimum emulsion system generation, physicochemical properties determination and dynamics of emulsion flow in porous media from single sandpack (1-D flow), parallel-sandpack (1.5-D flow) to heterogeneous two-dimensional sandpack (2-D flow). Different factors, including emulsion characteristics (emulsion quality, oil-water interfacial tension (IFT), droplet size and oil viscosity), injection conditions (injection rate, injection pressure, emulsion slug size and temperature) and sandpack permeability, were experimentally evaluated their effects on emulsion flow behavior in porous media. On the basis of the comprehensive analysis on experimental findings, mathematical models have been proposed, developed, and successfully employed to capture the experimentally monitored emulsion flow features, by fully incorporating with the emulsion characteristics, injection conditions and sandpack permeability. The proposed emulsion flow model is compatible with a standard reservoir simulator, providing a potentially efficient and useful method to predict emulsion flow adequately at the field-scale for designing and controlling the reservoir conformance. A design procedure to obtain an optimal emulsion system for an appropriate conformance control is proposed for the corresponding heterogeneity of oil sands reservoir. To conclude, emulsion-based conformance control treatment is a promising candidate to solve conformance problems in heterogeneous oil sands and thus to improve SAGD start-up performance.