Adsorption Kinetics and Diffusion of Asphaltenes from Dynamic Interfacial Tension Data
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Recently, solvent-aided processes have been implemented to improve oil recovery and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Most of the research on thermophysical properties has focused on the dilution effect of solvents while their effect on the interfacial tension (IFT) has not been studied in detail. This thesis focuses on three aspects of interfacial phenomena including (i) adsorption kinetics of asphaltenes, (ii) development of a model to improve the estimation of self-diffusion coefficient and adsorption kinetics of asphaltenes, (iii) measurements of dynamic IFT of n-C5/ and n-C7/bitumen. The diffusion and adsorption kinetics of asphaltenes in toluene and various heptol solutions have been studied using IFT data obtained from pendant drop. The dynamic IFT at asphaltenes concentrations of 0.001 to 1 wt % was measured and the Ward-Tordai model is employed to estimate the diffusion of asphaltenes. The results show that while the diffusion coefficient decreases with the concentration of asphaltenes, it increases at a higher volumetric ratio of n-C7. Moreover, higher concentrations of asphaltenes and volumetric ratios of n-C7 improve the adsorption of asphaltenes leading to a further reduction in IFT. To improve the predictions of the Ward-Tordai model, a new analytical model was developed to estimate the self-diffusion coefficient and the adsorption kinetics of asphaltenes. The developed model along with the Frumkin (or Langmuir) isotherm is able to reproduce the experimental dynamic IFT data with acceptable accuracy. The IFT of n-C5/ and n-C7/bitumen at a temperature range between 298.15 and 413.15 K and a pressure of 3.45 MPa at different concentrations of n-C5 and n-C7 was measured. The results reveal that the IFT reduction is non-monotonic and does not follow the common linear trend. It was observed that both systems demonstrate partitioning of surfactants at the oil/water interface at a higher concentration of solvents. The results presented in this thesis improve our understanding of adsorption kinetics of asphaltenes at the oil/water interface and find applications in the design and optimization of oil/water separation and solvent-aided recovery of bitumen. In addition, the developed model finds applications in the estimation of diffusion and adsorption kinetics of surfactants using dynamic IFT data.