Catalytic Upgrading Process of Ligno-cellulose Derived Heavy Crude Oil
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Abstract
The high oxygen content of lignocellulose-derived bio-crudes results in thermal instability, corrosiveness, and low energy density in comparison to petroleum fuels. A pioneer Catalytic Upgrading Process is investigated in this thesis through a first-of-a-kind combination of two hydrogen addition processes, namely a first hydrogenation step and a second steam-cracking step producing lighter fractions and hydrogen. The preliminary effect of operating conditions was evaluated for each process using a fixed-bed reactor configuration. First, a Hydrotreating process at 320oC, 0.20h-1, and 1400-psig that achieved 59% hydro-deoxygenation, and >98% total acid number reduction was implemented. Complementarily, Catalytic Steam Cracking as secondary process completed desired conversion to petroleum equivalents of 5.6% Naphtha (IBP-190oC), 12.8% Jet-fuel (190-260oC) and 25.6% Diesel (260-343oC) range hydrocarbons, supplying hydrogen by the catalytic splitting of water, thus omitting the requirements for costly hydrogen sources or high-pressure equipment as in Hydrocracking processes. One novelty relies on the recycle of unconsumed hydrogen, at least partially sourcing the hydrotreater’s hydrogen consumption.