PRISMgeneral-feed.descriptionhttps://prism.ucalgary.ca2024-03-29T00:00:34Z2024-03-29T00:00:34Z396051Amendment: Exploring Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli: A Scoping Review Protocol Comparing Antibiotic-free and Conventionally Raised Beef Cattle in Canada and the United States of AmericaSanguinetti, Veronica MariaDavies, Willow-BethanyGanshorn, HeatherCheckley, Sylvia Leehttps://hdl.handle.net/1880/1182842024-03-28T22:47:02Z2024-03-14T00:00:00Zdc.title: Amendment: Exploring Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli: A Scoping Review Protocol Comparing Antibiotic-free and Conventionally Raised Beef Cattle in Canada and the United States of America
dc.contributor.author: Sanguinetti, Veronica Maria; Davies, Willow-Bethany; Ganshorn, Heather; Checkley, Sylvia Lee
2024-03-14T00:00:00ZDaisy's Life: A Story About the Lifecycle and Ecology of the Goldenrod Crab SpiderZaplachinski, SophieBurke, BeanTang, TheonieKennedy, KateBarrette, Samhttps://hdl.handle.net/1880/1183492024-03-28T22:45:31Z2023-04-01T00:00:00Zdc.title: Daisy's Life: A Story About the Lifecycle and Ecology of the Goldenrod Crab Spider
dc.contributor.author: Zaplachinski, Sophie; Burke, Bean; Tang, Theonie; Kennedy, Kate; Barrette, Sam
dc.description.abstract: Accompany Daisy the goldenrod crab spider on the marvellous roller-coaster that is life. From finding affordable accommodation, to "meeting" several delectable insects, to hitting it off with the infamous Bob, Daisy has many an adventure during her time on this Earth. Please enjoy this educational and humorous take on Misumena vatia.
dc.description: This presentation is intended for an audience of grade 7 or above, and was presented as part of a post-secondary class project. The children's picture-book style, coupled with content suitable for adult audiences, make this a fun and educational intro to crab spiders for a diverse age group.
2023-04-01T00:00:00ZStudents as Partners in Higher Education: Perspectives and PracticesAbegglen, S., Akhbari, M., Albright, S., Brown, B., Burns, T., Clancy, T. L., Din, C., Faunt, M., Gospodinov, J., Hill, J., Huenchullan, S. R., Kamal, S., McLaughlin, E., Nowell, L., Parker, S. I. A., Porter, A., Presiloski, A., Rozanski, C., Sinfield, S., Thomas, C., & Wolfe, K.https://hdl.handle.net/1880/1182802024-03-28T22:36:23Z2024-01-01T00:00:00Zdc.title: Students as Partners in Higher Education: Perspectives and Practices
dc.contributor.author: Abegglen, S., Akhbari, M., Albright, S., Brown, B., Burns, T., Clancy, T. L., Din, C., Faunt, M., Gospodinov, J., Hill, J., Huenchullan, S. R., Kamal, S., McLaughlin, E., Nowell, L., Parker, S. I. A., Porter, A., Presiloski, A., Rozanski, C., Sinfield, S., Thomas, C., & Wolfe, K.
dc.description.abstract: The purpose of this guide is to provide a practical and applied resource for instructors in higher education that focuses on SaP, drawing on University of Calgary Teaching Academy members’ wisdom from research-informed practice; to reflect diverse contexts, approaches and perspectives in higher education; and, to offer recommendations, considerations and implications to others who may be interested in implementing SaP in their practice.
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZReimagining reflective activities in your blended and online teachingÉowyn, CampbellBrian, GilbertNicole, Sandblomhttps://hdl.handle.net/1880/1183442024-03-28T09:01:45Z2024-01-01T00:00:00Zdc.title: Reimagining reflective activities in your blended and online teaching
dc.contributor.author: Éowyn, Campbell; Brian, Gilbert; Nicole, Sandblom
dc.description.abstract: Reflection is an essential component of high-quality experiential learning for students (Kaipainen et al, 2020; McRae et al., 2018). Using the DEAL model (Ash and Clayton 2009, Loy et al. 2021) in F18, we developed activities to be included as an Online and Blended Component of learning in our course. We asked students to reflect formally and repeatedly on their feedback, and to use these activities to plan next steps in their learning. After several years of iterative improvements to these activities, we wanted to understand how students use reflection. Using thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke 2006), we are reviewing several cohorts of consenting participants to assess whether students’ perceptions of learning align with our course outcomes. Since this data involves three years of teaching in a variety of modalities, we also gain insights into student perceptions of the effects of online and blended course delivery on their learning. In our session, we will briefly review our learnings to date and then, through surveys, engage participants by asking them to examine their own experiences with reflection techniques in connection to teaching and learning in blended and online environments. Lastly, participants will have opportunities to explore developing questions that can inspire more thoughtful reflection in their own teaching contexts. At the end of the session for our session outcomes, participants will have examined how reflection fits into their own teaching practice, generated questions for reflection, and identified building blocks to incorporate these techniques. Ash SL, Clayton PH. 2009. Generating, deepening, and documenting learning: The power of critical reflection in applied learning. Journal of Applied Learning in Higher Education. 1(1): 25-48. Braun V, Clark V. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 3: 77-101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa Kaipainen E, Braun R, Arseneault R. 2020. Experiential learning plan for University of Calgary (2020-25). Contributors: Reid L, Stowe L, Kenny N, Barker S, Johns C, Christie C, King L, Hillmo J. Available from https://ucalgary.ca/provost/sites/default/files/EL%20Plan%202020-25.pdf [Accessed 27 January 2021]. Loy K, Huh R, Snow J, Redmond A. 2021. Learning Module: Critical Reflection. Available from: https://taylorinstitute.ucalgary.ca/resources/module/critical-reflection [Accessed 12 January 2022]. McRae N, Pretti TJ, Church D. 2018. Work-Integrated Learning Quality Framework, AAA [White paper, PDF file]. Available from: https://uwaterloo.ca/centre-advancement-co-operative-education/sites/ca.centre-advancement-co-operative-education/files/uploads/files/wil_quality_framework_-_aaa_-_for_posting.pdf [Accessed 27 January 2021].
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZImpacts of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the seasonal pattern of hospitalizations for acute respiratory diseases among children in Alberta, CanadaLukac, Christine DSimms, BrettKwong, Grace P.S.Holodinsky, Jessalyn K.Johnson, David W.Kellner, James D.https://hdl.handle.net/1880/1183342024-03-28T09:02:22Z2024-01-01T00:00:00Zdc.title: Impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the seasonal pattern of hospitalizations for acute respiratory diseases among children in Alberta, Canada
dc.contributor.author: Lukac, Christine D; Simms, Brett; Kwong, Grace P.S.; Holodinsky, Jessalyn K.; Johnson, David W.; Kellner, James D.
dc.description.abstract: Introduction: Acute infectious respiratory diseases (ARD) among children generally have a biennial pattern – peak incidence is highest every other winter. This seasonal pattern of ARD was interrupted in 2020 by SARS-CoV-2 and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI). We conducted a population based retrospective cohort study in Alberta, that measured the impact on (i) the weekly incidence of hospitalizations to quantify healthcare use, (ii) the weekly percent of PICU admissions to monitor clinical severity, and (iii) the weekly average age at discharge to characterise the affected population.
Methods: From Apr 2003-Dec 2023, all hospital discharges and PICU admissions for ARD (i.e. bronchiolitis, pneumonia, influenza-like-illness, and croup) among children < 18 years old were identified in the provincial hospital Discharge Abstract Database. Weekly incidence of hospital discharge was calculated using population denominators. Weekly percent PICU admissions was calculated using all hospital discharges as the denominator. Weekly average age at discharge was calculated from birth to discharge in months. Seasonal autoregressive-integrated-moving-average (SARIMA) models predicted the expected weekly outcomes from Apr 2020 onward. Incidence ratios and percent change compared observed versus expected outcomes. Analyses were conducted in R version 4.2.2 (2022-10-31) and R studio build 2022.12.0+353.
Results: There were 63,776 hospitalizations for ARD among children from Apr 2003-Dec 2023: 22,963 (36.01%) for bronchiolitis, 23,977 (37.44%) for pneumonia, 10,833 (16.97%) for influenza-like-illness, and 4,984 (7.81%) for croup. Of the hospitalizations, 4,167 (6.53%) included a PICU admission. The average weekly incidence of hospitalization for ARD per 100,000 children decreased 12.71-fold during Dec 2020-Feb 2021 (0.82 observed vs. 10.42 [95%CI 5.11, 15.73] expected) and increased 1.51-fold during Dec 2022-Feb 2023 (16.28 observed vs. 10.77 [95%CI 4.71, 16.83] expected). The average percentage of PICU admissions steadily increased from 4.07% (95%CI 1.22%, 6.91%) in Dec 2003-Feb 2004 to 10.48% (95%CI 8.36%, 12.60%) in Dec 2019-Feb 2020. There was no significant change in the percentage of PICU admissions in Dec 2020-Feb 2021 and Dec 2022-Feb 2023, 11.17% (95%CI 0.00%, 26.32%) and 11.86% (95%CI 9.33%, 14.39%) respectively. During each winter season, the average age at discharge decreased to 25 months (95%CI 17.85, 33.74) annually. Similar patterns for incidence of hospitalizations, percent PICU admissions, and average age at discharge were observed for bronchiolitis, pneumonia, influenza-like-illness, and croup.
Discussion: SARS-CoV-2 and NPI had significant impacts on provincial hospitalization for ARD among children. Initially hospitalizations for ARD decreased 12.71-fold during Dec 2020-Feb 2021. With SARS-CoV-2 vaccine availability, increased population immunity, and relaxation of NPI, hospitalizations for ARD increased 1.51-fold during Dec 2022-Feb 2023. However, there was no change in clinical severity based on percent PICU admissions, and no change in affected population based on average age at discharge.
dc.description: AMMI Canada - CACMID Annual Conference, Vancouver, Canada, April 9-12, 2024.
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZGambling Policy FrameworkCentre for Addiction and Mental Healthhttps://hdl.handle.net/1880/1183412024-03-28T09:03:10Z2024-03-27T00:00:00Zdc.title: Gambling Policy Framework
dc.contributor.author: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
dc.description.abstract: This document presents the latest evidence around gambling-related harms and the policies that can mitigate them. The overarching message of the Framework is that to reduce gambling-related harms, focus must shift from the individual who gambles to the context in which gambling takes place. To that end, it proposes nine evidence-informed recommendations towards a public health approach to gambling.
2024-03-27T00:00:00ZParallelization of Bayesian Phylogenetics to Greatly Improve Run TimesYang, Davidhttps://hdl.handle.net/1880/1183312024-03-28T09:01:08Z2024-03-24T00:00:00Zdc.title: Parallelization of Bayesian Phylogenetics to Greatly Improve Run Times
dc.contributor.author: Yang, David
dc.description.abstract: Phylogenetic analyses are invaluable to understanding the transmission of viruses, especially during disease outbreaks. In particular, Bayesian phylogenetics has great potential in modeling viral transmission due to the numerous phylogenetic models that can be incorporated. Currently, the availability of user-friendly software and accessibility to sequence data makes phylogenetic analyses easy to perform. However, to date, Bayesian phylogenetic analyses are still limited by long computational run-times which are especially unfavorable during ongoing and evolving disease outbreaks that demand real-time phylogeny results. Current optimization methods of Bayesian phylogenetic analysis mainly focus on iteration-level parallelization and mostly overlook the potential of larger-scale parallelization approaches. In this thesis, we provide an in-depth overview of topics including phylogenetic analysis, relevant biological information, and phylogenetic analysis optimization methods. We also proposed a novel parallelized Markov Chain Monte Carlo method that greatly improved Bayesian phylogenetic run times and integrated the approach into a data pipeline to allow for the direct analysis of viral samples. We demonstrated the validity of our methods by performing phylogenetic analyses on two sets of HIV simulation data and one set of real-world SARS-CoV-2 data. Our results suggested that the parallelization of MCMC in Bayesian phylogenetic analyses drastically reduces run times by 29-fold without causing significant deviations in parameter estimates and predicted phylogenetic trees.
2024-03-24T00:00:00ZAugmented QArt: Interactive Art Recreation by Mobile Augmented RealityBooshehrian, Mahnazhttps://hdl.handle.net/1880/1183212024-03-28T09:01:59Z2024-03-21T00:00:00Zdc.title: Augmented QArt: Interactive Art Recreation by Mobile Augmented Reality
dc.contributor.author: Booshehrian, Mahnaz
dc.description.abstract: The integration of technology into art galleries and museums has opened new avenues for enhancing visitors' experiences and addressing challenges related to accessibility, interactivity, and artistic attraction. Inspired by Picasso’s Cubism paintings and Augmented Reality technology, this thesis explores the design of aesthetically detectable codes, known as QArt codes, to enhance accessibility and visual appeal and to enrich traditional art experiences in settings where space and time are limited. The project aims to answer questions about how technology can be leveraged to enhance artistic environments, offer interactive access to artwork information, and seamlessly blend the actual and virtual realms. Through the implementation of QArt codes, people can easily access and explore various artworks, including Picasso's Harlequin paintings, while saving time and money. This approach offers visitors a chance to learn about different aspects of the artwork, such as style, techniques, and historical context. Interacting with QArt codes provides an engaging and memorable experience, leaving a lasting impression on visitors. A qualitative user study conducted at the end of the project revealed that QArt codes can provide a nuanced understanding of Picasso's artistic range and insight into the Cubism style through multiple dimensions. Overall, QArt codes are an effective and captivating way to share artworks with the world.
2024-03-21T00:00:00ZNeutrophil- and B cell-mediated host defense against viral and fungal respiratory infectionsSarden, Nicolehttps://hdl.handle.net/1880/1183302024-03-28T09:00:55Z2024-03-21T00:00:00Zdc.title: Neutrophil- and B cell-mediated host defense against viral and fungal respiratory infections
dc.contributor.author: Sarden, Nicole
dc.description.abstract: Infections of the lung continue to be a worldwide annual problem affecting millions of people. Fighting acute respiratory infections requires rapid and collaborative responses involving diverse immune cells. An interesting and unexplained clinical problem that sparked this thesis was the clinical observation that influenza A, a common respiratory virus, increases susceptibility to secondary infections with environmental fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus (Af). By establishing a mouse model of viral-fungal co-infection and using clinical human samples, I discovered an essential collaboration between an underappreciated innate B lymphocyte, called B1a, which produced natural antibodies against Af, which tagged the fungi for elimination by neutrophils. Following influenza A infections, B1a cells died of apoptosis leading to diminished natural anti-Af antibodies and negating the ability of neutrophils to target and eliminate Af. Disruption of this axis explained susceptibility in viral- and steroid-associated infections. Delving deeper into the requirements of immune cell resistance to influenza and Af as individual infections, I discovered unique roles for neutrophils during influenza and innate B cells in aspergillosis. While there is ample research investigating neutrophils and their roles during infections with extracellular pathogens, it remained unclear how the neutrophil pool is affected following viral infections and subsequent functional outcomes. Additionally, it has been recently proposed that an interferon-responsive neutrophil state with unknown functions emerges following viral infections. In isolated viral infection, I found neutrophils adapt to an anti-viral phenotype which is spatially regulated, requires type I interferon licensing and sympathetic drive. On the other hand, using a genetically engineered mouse, we studied the specific roles of innate B1a cells during Aspergillus infection and found that this rare antibody producing cells was essential for host resistance against isolated Af infection. Moreover, I discovered key molecular requirements of the B1a cells that allow them to traffic and recruit properly in the lung, and I discovered that these cells can be amplified to improve host defense against Af. Altogether, this body of work uncovers neutrophils’ effects following isolated viral infection and during co-infection and demonstrates the tight interconnectedness between neutrophils and B lymphocytes which are critical for anti-fungal immunity.
2024-03-21T00:00:00ZCluster-specific associations between the gut microbiota and behavioral outcomes in preschool-aged childrenvan de Wouw, MarcelWang, YananWorkentine, Matthew L.Vaghef-Mehrabani, ElnazBarth, DelaneyMercer, Emily M.Dewey, DeborahArrieta, Marie-ClaireReimer, Raylene A.Tomfohr-Madsen, LianneGiesbrecht, Gerald F.https://hdl.handle.net/1880/1183282024-03-24T09:01:41Z2024-03-21T00:00:00Zdc.title: Cluster-specific associations between the gut microbiota and behavioral outcomes in preschool-aged children
dc.contributor.author: van de Wouw, Marcel; Wang, Yanan; Workentine, Matthew L.; Vaghef-Mehrabani, Elnaz; Barth, Delaney; Mercer, Emily M.; Dewey, Deborah; Arrieta, Marie-Claire; Reimer, Raylene A.; Tomfohr-Madsen, Lianne; Giesbrecht, Gerald F.
dc.description.abstract: Abstract
Background
The gut microbiota is recognized as a regulator of brain development and behavioral outcomes during childhood. Nonetheless, associations between the gut microbiota and behavior are often inconsistent among studies in humans, perhaps because many host-microbe relationships vary widely between individuals. This study aims to stratify children based on their gut microbiota composition (i.e., clusters) and to identify novel gut microbiome cluster-specific associations between the stool metabolomic pathways and child behavioral outcomes.
Methods
Stool samples were collected from a community sample of 248 typically developing children (3–5 years). The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S sequencing while LC-MS/MS was used for untargeted metabolomics. Parent-reported behavioral outcomes (i.e., Adaptive Skills, Internalizing, Externalizing, Behavioral Symptoms, Developmental Social Disorders) were assessed using the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC-2). Children were grouped based on their gut microbiota composition using the Dirichlet multinomial method, after which differences in the metabolome and behavioral outcomes were investigated.
Results
Four different gut microbiota clusters were identified, where the cluster enriched in both Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium (Ba2) had the most distinct stool metabolome. The cluster characterized by high Bifidobacterium abundance (Bif), as well as cluster Ba2, were associated with lower Adaptive Skill scores and its subcomponent Social Skills. Cluster Ba2 also had significantly lower stool histidine to urocanate turnover, which in turn was associated with lower Social Skill scores in a cluster-dependent manner. Finally, cluster Ba2 had increased levels of compounds involved in Galactose metabolism (i.e., stachyose, raffinose, alpha-D-glucose), where alpha-D-glucose was associated with the Adaptive Skill subcomponent Daily Living scores (i.e., ability to perform basic everyday tasks) in a cluster-dependent manner.
Conclusions
These data show novel associations between the gut microbiota, its metabolites, and behavioral outcomes in typically developing preschool-aged children. Our results support the concept that cluster-based groupings could be used to develop more personalized interventions to support child behavioral outcomes.
Video Abstract
2024-03-21T00:00:00Z