Innanen, Kristopher A. H.Jabbari, Shahin2016-05-032016-05-0320162016http://hdl.handle.net/11023/2937Perturbation theory has been widely used in many applications in seismology, more recently for time-lapse problems. We have formulated a scheme for modeling linear and nonlinear elastic time-lapse difference amplitude variation with offset data. We have expressed this framework as an expansion in orders of the baseline interface properties and time-lapse changes from the time of the baseline survey to the time of the monitor survey. We have examined our formulation with the numerical data used in literature for real time-lapse data. The results indicated to the first order that our framework is in agreement with Landrø’s linear approximation. The higher order terms represented corrections appropriate for large P- and S-wave velocities and density contrasts in the reservoir from the time of the baseline survey to the time of the monitor survey. A physical modeling data set was acquired simulating a time-lapse problem to validate our theoretical results. Plexiglas, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and phenolic slabs were used as proxy materials to simulate the cap rock and reservoir at the time of the baseline and monitor surveys, respectively. Reflected amplitudes were picked and corrected for geometric spreading, emergence angle, free surface, transmission loss, and radiation patterns. Our results indicated that higher order expansion terms, involving products of elastic time-lapse perturbation and baseline medium perturbation, matched laboratory data with significantly reduced error in comparison with linearized forms. We have concluded that in many plausible time-lapse scenarios, the increase in accuracy associated with higher order corrections that we observed enhanced the time-lapse modeling. In conjunction with Talisman Energy Inc. part of Repsol Group, a multicomponent time-lapse seismic data set, which was acquired during hydraulic fracturing of two horizontal wells in the unconventional Montney Reservoir at Pouce Coupe Field in the Peace River area, has been used to validate derived linear and nonlinear theoretical results for the time-lapse AVO. The results show that the nonlinear components of the difference data interpretation scheme do not contribute significantly to estimate time-lapse AVO difference. This is consistent with the fact that the Pouce Coupe data set has a low baseline contrast and a low time-lapse contrast.engUniversity of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.GeophysicsPerturbation or scattering theoryTime-lapse monitoringTime-lapse amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysisNonlinearityP-P sectionsConverted waveShear wavephysical modelingField dataThe baseline and monitor surveysdoctoral thesis10.11575/PRISM/25055