Maini, B. B.Rengifo Barbosa, Fernando Javier2019-09-182019-09-182019-09-11Rengifo Barbosa, F. J. (2019). Effect of Solvent Co-Injection on Residual Oil Saturation in SAGD Steam Chamber (Master's thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca.http://hdl.handle.net/1880/11099210.11575/PRISM/37057Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process has been applied over wide area of the Province of Alberta, boosting the Canadian oil reserves to the position of third highest in the world. A key performance indicator of SAGD thermal efficiency is the steam-oil-ratio (SOR) that is the volume of water converted to steam and injected into the formation for each unit volume of produced oil. Even though several cost-saving advances have been made in this technology, SAGD remains expensive in terms of both the oil production cost and the environmental cost associated with greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Several kinds of additives have been proposed for improving the thermal efficiency of the process and decreasing the SOR while increasing the cumulative oil recovery. Solvent addition in SAGD is one alternative that improves the performance by decreasing the oil viscosity by dilution and thereby by decreasing the required amount of heat per produced oil barrel. In solvent enhanced SAGD, a part of steam volume is replaced by hydrocarbon solvent, in order to take advantage of not just heat but also of dilution for viscosity reduction. At the same time, solvent injection reduces heat losses by reducing the operating temperature. The combination of reservoir characteristics and operational constraints influence the choice of solvent as well as its concentration and timing. No systematic study of residual oil saturation (Sor) in solvent enhanced SAGD has been reported in the literature. This project tested four solvents (Pentane -C5H12, Hexane -C6H14, Cracked Naphtha and Natural Gas Condensate) at different concentrations using linear sand-packs that simulated SAGD gravity drainage to quantify their impact on the recovery performance during the injection process and on the residual oil saturation. The addition of all tested solvents to steam increased the rate of oil drainage and reduced the residual oil saturation. Amongst the single component solvents, 15 vol% hexane gave the fasted recovery and lowest residual oil saturation. However, the multicomponent solvents performed even better. Addition of 15 vol% cracked naphtha gave the lowest residual saturation and fastest oil recovery. The performance of gas condensate was also impressive. At 5 vol% concentration it was able to outperform 10 vol% cracked naphtha and 15 vol% hexane in terms of the rate of oil recovery and residual oil saturation.engUniversity of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.SAGDSolventCo-injectionMass-transferSolvent Enhanced-SAGDLinear sand-packDiffusionEnergyEngineering--ChemicalEngineering--Petroleummaster thesis10.11575/PRISM/37057