Emery, Carolyn ASchneider, Kathryn JSick, Stacy Rochelle2023-09-262023-09-262023-09-18Sick, S. R. (2023). Is a history of concussions associated with measures of cervical spine, vestibulo-ocular reflex, oculomotor, and dynamic balance in adolescent (ages 10-19) sport participants? (Master's thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca.https://hdl.handle.net/1880/117146https://doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/41988Objectives: To examine the association between previous history of concussion and measures of the cervical spine, vestibulo-ocular reflex, oculomotor, and dynamic balance in adolescent (aged 10-19 years) sport participants. Participants: 1653 adolescents [988 (59.77%) male; 653 (39.50%) females; 12 (0.73%) undisclosed] participating in SHRed Concussions (Surveillance in High school and community to REDuce the risk of Concussion and their consequences). Assessment of Risk Factors: Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association of clinical outcomes with previous number of concussions (0, 1, 2+). Model covariates included age (years), sex (male/female), baseline symptom severity score (xx/132), and sport type (collision/non-collision). Outcome Measures: Cervical [Range of motion (ROM), flexor endurance (CFE), flexion-rotation test (CFRT), head perturbation (HPT)], vestibulo-ocular reflex [head thrust (HTT), dynamic visual acuity (DVA)], oculomotor (symptom provocation / performance on smooth pursuit, horizontal and vertical saccades, and convergence) and dynamic balance [combined functional gait assessment (C-FGA)]. Results: An association was found between concussions history and clinical outcomes of vertical saccades symptom [OR1 relative to 0: 2.02, (1.09-3.76)] convergence performance [OR1 relative to 0: 2.02 (1.09-3.76)] and errors on CFA [OR2+ relative to 0 -0.14, (-0.58-0.30)]. In addition, the association between concussion history was modified by sex for the CFRT [OR males 1 relative to 0: 0.52 (0.27-0.99)], horizontal saccades symptom [OR females 2+ relative to 0: 4.08 (1.56-10.65)], vertical saccade performance [OR females 2+ relative to 0: 2.25 (1.30-3.92)], and HTT [OR females 1 relative to 0: 2.25 (1.30-3.92)]; OR females 2+ relative to 0: 2.25 (1.30-3.92); OR females 2+ relative to 0: 2.25 (1.30-3.92)]. Conclusion: Differences based on concussion history existed in all clinical domains, with females with a history of concussion(s) typically having poorer outcomes. Future research is needed to better understand the relationship between concussion history and clinical outcomes.enUniversity of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.ConcussionAdolescentPreseasonCervical spineVestibulo-ocular reflexOculomotorBalanceHealth SciencesPublic Healthmaster thesis