Naghdi, ShararehO'Keefe, Kyle P. G.2020-03-042020-03-042020-02-29Naghdi, S., & O'Keefe, K. P. G. (2020). Detecting and Correcting for Human Obstacles in BLE Trilateration Using Artificial Intelligence. "Sensors". 2020(20) 1350. doi: 10.3390/s20051350http://hdl.handle.net/1880/111709https://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/37620One of the popular candidates in wireless technology for indoor positioning is Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). However, this technology faces challenges related to Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) fluctuations due to the behavior of the different advertising channels and the effect of human body shadowing among other effects. In order to mitigate these effects, the paper proposes and implements a dynamic Artificial Intelligence (AI) model that uses the three different BLE advertising channels to detect human body shadowing and compensate the RSSI values accordingly. An experiment in an indoor office environment is conducted. 70% of the observations are randomly selected and used for training and the remaining 30% are used to evaluate the algorithm. The results show that the AI model can properly detect and significantly compensate RSSI values for a dynamic blockage caused by a human body. This can significantly improve the RSSI-based ranges and the corresponding positioning accuracies.Unless otherwise indicated, this material is protected by copyright and has been made available with authorization from the copyright owner. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.Trilateration; BLE; artificial intelligence; localization; obstaclejournal articleCRDPJ 514520 – 1710.3390/s20051350