Eaton, Sarah ElaineCarmichael, Jamie2022-09-292022-09-292022-09-28Eaton, S. E., & Carmichael, J. (2022). The ecosystem of commercial academic fraud. Calgary, Canada: University of Calgary.http://hdl.handle.net/1880/115324This graphic depicts the intersection and overlap between various types of commercial academic fraud and cheating. There are four overlapping categories including: (1) degree mills (i.e., fake and fraudulent diplomas, transcripts, reference letters, and other academic and professional documents; (2) contract cheating (i.e., outsourced student academic work such as term paper mills, assignment completion services, thesis writing services, and student proxy services; (3) admissions fraud (i.e., impersonation and fraud services for standardized admissions testing, language proficiency testing, and unethical educational agents); and (4) paper mills (i.e., manufactured scholarly and scientific publications and authorship for sale.) At the heart of all of this is intentional academic fraud.engUnless otherwise indicated, this material is protected by copyright and has been made available with authorization from the copyright owner. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0academic misconductacademic integritycontract cheatingacademic dishonestyfake degreefraudimpersonationstudent proxypaper millsscholarly publishingother