Browsing by Author "Dobson, Keith S."
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- ItemOpen AccessA discouse analysis of women's and men's narratives on depression(1996) Drew, Maria Laura; Dobson, Keith S.
- ItemOpen AccessA test of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression in adolescents(2003) Ahnberg, Jamie Lynn; Dobson, Keith S.
- ItemOpen AccessAn examination of avoidance in the context of depression(2006) Ottenbreit, Nicole D.; Dobson, Keith S.
- ItemOpen AccessAn experimental analysis of the role of metacognition in relapse to depression(2006) Singer, Alisa R.; Dobson, Keith S.The present study employed an experimental design, to examine the role of metacognitive processing in the prevention of relapse to depression. Eighty remitted depressed participants were randomly allocated to receive training in the metacognitive style of rumination, distraction, acceptance or no training control prior to a negative mood induction. Rumination prolonged the intensity of the negative mood consistent with no training, whereas both distraction and acceptance reduced the intensity of the negative mood. Changes in attitudes were only found in the acceptance condition, as participants in this condition reduced negative attitudes towards negative experiences. These results are consistent with information processing theory, and imply that acceptance based preventative interventions may operate by both reducing the intensity of sad moods and altering one's attitudes towards temporary moments of sadness.
- ItemOpen AccessAn investigation of extreme responding as a mediator of cognitive therapy for depression(2008) Ching, Laurie E.; Dobson, Keith S.
- ItemOpen AccessAvoidance and depression: the contruction of the cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale(2002) Ottenbreit, Nicole D.; Dobson, Keith S.
- ItemOpen AccessCognition and depression in Egypt and Canada: an examination of the cognitive triad(2010) Beshai, Shady; Dobson, Keith S.
- ItemOpen AccessCognition and depression: implicit memory in remitted females(2002) Khatri, Nasreen; Dobson, Keith S.
- ItemOpen AccessCognitive organization and information processing in clinical depression: the structure and function of sociotropic schemata(1999) Dozois, David John Andrew; Dobson, Keith S.
- ItemOpen AccessCognitive Reactivity in Clinical Depression: An Assessment of Explicit and Implicit Dimensions, and their Association with Coping Behaviors(2019-09-12) Li, Xiaomiao; Dobson, Keith S.; Sears, Christopher R.; Szeto, Andrew C. H.; Kopala-Sibley, Daniel C.; Strunk, DanielScar theories of depression purport that each depressive episode produces a change in underlying causal factors that increase the risk of having future episodes. The dual process model of cognitive vulnerability of depression proposes that both explicit and implicit cognitive vulnerabilities play a role in the development of depression. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the existence of explicit and implicit cognitive ‘scars’ on coping-related cognitive contents, by testing the differential activation hypothesis, which proposes that the negative cognitive processes in those with a history of depression are more easily exacerbated by negative mood compared to those without a history of depression. The secondary purpose was to evaluate the relationships among mood, explicit and implicit coping-related cognitions and coping behaviors. The exploratory purpose was to delineate the nature of other-referent explicit cognitions. Currently depressed (CD, n = 42), previously depressed (PD, n = 61), and never depressed (ND, n = 62) participants were tested on computer-based paradigms designed to measure depression, mood, explicit and implicit cognitions, and self-reported engagement of coping behaviors. As hypothesized, explicit cognitive vulnerabilities universally existed among currently depressed individuals and partially existed among previously depressed individuals. Explicit cognitive ‘scars’ existed among previously depressed individuals with regard to emotional-related contents. Implicit cognitive compensation tendency existed among currently depressed individuals and implicit cognitive vulnerability tendency existed among previously depressed individuals on negative coping. Implicit cognitive ‘scars’ among previously depressed individuals existed on positive coping. Hypotheses regarding the relationships among depression, explicit and implicit cognitions, and coping behaviors were largely supported. Other-referent explicit cognitions are consistently positive across different coping contents, unaffected by mood nor history of depression. This study is the first evaluation of cognitive reactivity in clinical depression with coping-related cognitive contents, and on both explicit and implicit dimensions. The study provides novel insight into the cognitive vulnerabilities of depression and depression recurrence. The theoretical and clinical relevance of the findings, strengths and limitations of the study, and directions for future research are discussed.
- ItemOpen AccessCognitive vulnerability to depression: accessibility of information processing biases in remitted depression(2003) Hamilton, Kate E.; Dobson, Keith S.
- ItemOpen AccessCoping with Distal and Proximal Stressors: A Transactional Model of Stress Among First-Year Undergraduate Students(2019-10-14) Poole, Julia C.; Dobson, Keith S.; Szeto, Andrew C. H.; Hodgins, David C.; Schwartz, Kelly Dean; Harkness, Kate L.The transition to post-secondary education has been cited as a period of high stress, and increased rates of mental health concerns among undergraduate samples suggest that many students are poorly equipped to cope with this transition. The current study utilized the transactional model of stress (Folkman & Lazarus, 1984) to address the need for a comprehensive model of stress and coping among undergraduate students. A sample of first-year undergraduate students completed self-report questionnaires within the initial months of their first term (Time 1; n= 788) and again within the final months of their second term (Time 2; n= 621). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the associations among stress and coping variables at the start of the year, including distal stressors, proximal stressors, appraisal of stressors, coping strategies, and emotion regulation strategies, with mental health outcomes at the end of the year, including depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction. Results indicated that stress and coping variables at the start of the year explained almost half (45.3%) of the variability in mental health outcomes at the end of the year. Taken together, the structural model provides a useful framework for the conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of stress-related mental health concerns among first-year undergraduate students. Clinical implications and directions for future research and theory development are discussed.
- ItemOpen AccessDepression in marriage: An investigation of problem-solving behavior and marital cognition(1998) Cram, Susan Jackman; Dobson, Keith S.
- ItemOpen AccessDepressive realism in clinically depressed, remitted and nondepressed female subjects(1992) Pusch, Dennis; Dobson, Keith S.
- ItemOpen AccessThe effects of mood on state rumination(2009) Wershler, Julie L.; Ching, Laurie E.; Dobson, Keith S.
- ItemOpen AccessAn Examination of the Association Between Attention and Memory Processing in Depression Vulnerability(2020-09-11) Fernandez, Amanda Kathleen; Sears, Christopher R.; Dobson, Keith S.; McGrath, Daniel S.; von Ranson, Kristin M.Cognitive theories of depression propose that biases in information processing domains contribute to a vulnerability to depression. Most research has studied information processing in isolation, which has limited the understanding of how cognitive biases are associated and, most importantly, restricted the ability to adequately understand their potential collective influence on depression vulnerability. The present study used an eye-tracking task to measure attention to valenced words and incidental recognition memory paradigm to examine memory for the same valenced words in order to: 1) examine state and trait attention and memory biases in a cross-sectional sample of previously-depressed (N = 60), currently-depressed (N = 36), and never-depressed women (N = 51); 2) determine if attention biases during encoding moderate memory biases; and 3) determine if mood state impacts how attention biases moderate encoding, and subsequently memory biases. Findings support the importance of positive information processing as a potential vulnerability and resilience factor. Never-depressed women evidenced positive attention and memory biases that were also observed to cohere; however, while in a sad mood their recognition of positive words decreased and no coherence between attention and memory was observed. Blunted attention and memory for positive words was observed among the currently-depressed women, which was consistent with an anhedonic presentation. Coherence between attention and memory for positive processing was observed among the currently-depressed women. Previously-depressed women were observed to have a positive attention bias and negative memory bias; however, following the sad MI, the previously-depressed women evidenced blunted attention to positive words and a reduction in recognition of negative words. No coherence between attention and memory was observed within the previously-depressed women. Moreover, no coherence was observed for negative attention and memory biases across groups and mood conditions. The current results suggest the relationship between attention and memory are more complex than a direct linear relationship, especially during times where emotion regulation processes are likely to be activated. Theoretical implications for cognitive models of depression, study limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
- ItemOpen AccessInsight in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis(2001) Mintz, Alisa R.; Dobson, Keith S.
- ItemOpen AccessMood and cognition: mood state dependence and information processing in remitted depression(2000) Hamilton, Kate E.; Dobson, Keith S.
- ItemOpen AccessNegative Emotionality, Negative Urgency, and Eating Disorder Psychopathology: Mediation in Women with and Without Binge Eating(2019-08-27) Magel, Chantelle Alice; von Ranson, Kristin M.; Dobson, Keith S.; Sears, Christopher R.; Lee, KibeomAlthough negative emotionality (NE) and negative urgency (NU) are risk factors for binge eating, it is unknown how these traits may interact to increase risk for clinical levels of binge eating. We examined a model of cross-sectional associations among levels of NE, NU, and eating disorder psychopathology (i.e., eating, shape, and weight concerns, and restraint) in a community sample of 68 women with binge-eating disorder or bulimia nervosa and 75 control women with no eating disorder history. Participants completed semi-structured diagnostic interviews and self-report questionnaires measuring NE, NU, eating disorder psychopathology, and anxiety and depression symptoms. After controlling for anxiety and depression symptoms and body mass index, women with binge eating reported higher levels of negative urgency and eating disorder psychopathology than control women with no history of eating disorders, whereas there was no difference in levels of negative emotionality between the two groups. There was an indirect effect of negative emotionality on eating disorder psychopathology via negative urgency. Group membership did not moderate this association. Our findings support a model in which a tendency toward negative emotionality, coupled with a tendency to engage in rash action when experiencing negative emotions, is associated with eating disorder psychopathology in women with and without eating disorders characterized by binge eating.
- ItemOpen AccessPossible selves, sociotropic/autonomous personality and self-complexity: cognitive variables influencing illusion of control, depressive realism, and cognitive distortions(1995) Dozois, David J. A.; Dobson, Keith S.