Browsing by Author "Draper, Dianne L."

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    A planning framework for collaboration and meaningful participation of aboriginal peoples in environmental decision making practices and conflict resolution
    (2003) Peterson, Karen-Anne; Draper, Dianne L.
    This research evaluates, develops and builds upon approaches for the inclusion of Aboriginal perspectives within environmental decision making practices and grievance resolution processes. The objective is to identify appropriate methods and protocols for effective collaboration drawing from the experience, interpretations and perspectives of both cultural groups. Through a case study analysis of Ontario Hydro's restructuring of Aboriginal/corporate relations during the early 1990s, this research identifies the pre-conditions which made collaboration possible and the adaptive management strategies that created the space for constructive and meaningful dialogue. As an interdisciplinary study, this research combines both indigenous and western knowledge systems. It draws from the perspectives of collaboration, co-operative planning, cross-cultural communication and indigenous concepts regarding organizational response to problem solving to identify appropriate processes, structures and communication styles. A planning framework is presented which consists of four distinct yet inter-connected component parts conceptualized as: (1) Acceptance of Aboriginal and Treaty Rights, (2) A Comprehensive Program, (3) Meaningful Participation and (4) Mutual Benefit (Peterson, 1992). This framework evolved from the political context of the Ontario Government's Statement of Political Relations (1991) which recognized First Nations as governments and is evaluated for its relevance in the post Delgamuukw legal climate regarding the duty to consult and the requirement for meaningful consultation. The case study incorporates content analysis of primary and secondary documents, interviews with key participants, and reflections on the events that unfolded at Hydro in response to (1) the Statement of Political Relations, (2) Aboriginal demands for past grievance resolution with Ontario Hydro, and (3) the development of appropriate consultation mechanisms for Aboriginal involvement in their Environmental Assessment processes. The knowledge enhancement of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants is examined for their effectiveness to create greater communication, mutual understanding and the translation into actions agreeable to both parties. This research contributes to understanding the nature of effective collaborative processes within the Aboriginal/Canadian context by identifying attributes and protocols that make it effective and sustainable. Building knowledge about cross-cultural communication and co-operative decision making will facilitate positive wide-reaching change to improve the effectiveness of program and policy decisions.
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    An integral investigation of the barriers to sustainable consumption: waste watching in Calgary, Canada
    (2002) Owens, Cameron; Draper, Dianne L.
    One of the most evident indications of the dysfunctional relationship we have with the world around us is in the level of solid waste we produce. Alberta Environment has made waste reduction a priority for the period of 2002-2006. Understanding what inhibits waste reduction in Calgary is thus an important project. By means of a broad literature review, an in-depth interview study with the Waste Watchers group and a personal self-reflective study this thesis looks to identify the barriers to reducing, re-using and recycling in Calgary. The integral model developed by Ken Wilber is used to structure the findings and gives a comprehensive consideration of the problem. The integral approach looks to understand development of consciousness and culture and the relationship to social issues using a holistic framework. Within this framework we appreciate that individual behaviours are interconnected with personal, group/ cultural and social structural factors. The barriers are sorted into these categories and then further considered in relation to awareness, willingness and "ableness". Beyond the principle purpose of providing a typology of barriers and understanding them within the framework of the integral model, the research offers some interesting potentials for resolving the problem. My application of the integral approach suggests that sustainable consumption and waste reduction involves re-inserting the interior, "qualitative" dimensions into all aspects of life where they have been colonized by exterior, "quantitative" considerations under the dominant social paradigm. A focus on individual consciousness development is an important part of the integral approach, which also must ensure group / cultural beliefs and nonns are in line with the principles of sustainability and ensure that structures, regulations, technologies and facilities are available. This comprehensive approach presents a promising route to sustainability and ensuring individuals are aware, willing and able to change their behaviours.
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    Comparing resident attitudes toward tourism: community-based cases from Arctic Canada
    (2009) Stewart, Emma J.; Draper, Dianne L.
    This research examines attitudes toward local tourism development held by a sample of stakeholders and residents in three Arctic Canadian communities: Churchill, Northern Manitoba, Cambridge Bay and Pond Inlet, both in Nunavut. This research is premised on the idea that complex phenomena such as tourism are best understood through the lived experiences of individuals; therefore, the ambition of this research is to examine the complex notion of tourism through the lens of local people. This type of inquiry 1s important because tourism development needs to proceed at a pace and style that 1s acceptable to local people, particularly in destinations that are subject to unprecedented change, such as those communities in Arctic Canada. The two research questions ask: How do resident attitudes toward tourism vary across, and within, communities that are at different stages of tourism development in Arctic Canada? And, how can a comparative, community-based and inductive research approach contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between tourism and residents in Arctic Canada? A multi-method, multi­staged and community-based approach is developed utilizing three stages of research. A typology of attitude types is developed (identifying nine proto-typical fonns of resident attitudes along 'active participant-passive recipient', and 'favourable-unfavourable' continua) and reveals attitudes toward tourism, both within and between, the three case study communities, are not homogenous. In Churchill and Cambridge Bay, the most and least developed of the three communities, resident attitudes tended to gravitate toward the passive-favourable areas of the typology. By contrast, in Pond Inlet attitudes were more variable. Existing models were found to be unhelpful in explaining the variation between communities, and this research indicates that attitudes need to be understood in the context of four different types of reality: individual reality; tourism reality; non-tourism related internal; and external realities. The research illustrates the complexity of resident attitudes toward tourism, and how attitudes are dynamic, and conditioned through a set of constantly evolving and coalescing realities. The thesis moves the well-established field of resident attitude research, toward viewing resident attitudes as part of a system that is characterized by change, vulnerability and adaptation.
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    Conserving Common Ground: Exploring the Place of Cultural Heritage in Protected Area Management
    (2020-12-08) Weller, Jonathan; Monteyne, David; Dawson, Peter C.; Inaloo-Dailoo, Shabnam; Pollock-Ellwand, Nancy D.; Draper, Dianne L.
    That parks and protected areas are places where the conservation of cultural heritage can and should take place has not always been immediately apparent. However, today there is widespread acknowledgement that the management of cultural heritage resources needs to be brought into large-scale planning and management processes in an integrated and holistic manner. This is particularly true in protected areas, which not only contain significant cultural heritage resources, but are also often mandated to conserve these resources and can benefit significantly from the effort. This dissertation aims to address the challenge of integrating cultural heritage conservation into protected area management. Focusing specifically on Alberta, this research employs a qualitative methodology to undertake a broad document analysis and a series of in-depth qualitative interviews with protected area managers to identify the current state of cultural heritage conservation in the provincial protected area system, as well as the strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities that exist. Using this information, a set of policy recommendations are developed. Ranging from high-level policy goals to site-specific tools and resources, these recommendations aim to support more effective cultural heritage conservation in Alberta.
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    Contextualizing conflict, mediating livelihoods: a place-based approach to herder-local conflicts in northeastern Ghana
    (2012) Yembilah, Rita Da-Oni-Ma; Grant, Miriam R.; Draper, Dianne L.
    The migration of pastoralists in West Africa in search of resources has gone on for centuries, but the establishment of bases in southern West Africa begun in the 1970s and has often been met with various levels of local resistance. In Ghana, herders mostly live in the grasslands and coastal savannas. Relations with locals have been mixed, but typically tense. This study adopts a place approach to explore local-herder notions of space and place, the herder influx, livelihoods, territoriality, resource seeking and conflict resolution. Utilising the Sustainable Livelihoods framework (Ashley & Carney, 2001) and Alexander's (2008) Mediation Metamodel, the study explores how to diffuse conflict and improve livelihoods. Herder-local notions of spatial concepts are characterised by disconnect which explains the herder influx and local chagrin over the matter. Herders utilise five types of alliances to move into an area including Alhaji and Yusuf These alliances influence herders' territorialit regarding power and resource access. It appears that the herders' impact on resource access and livelihoods is exaggerated, but crop damage from herder cattle is a significant threat. The causes of conflict have been grouped into core and peripheral, where the core produce conflict and magnify peripheral issues. However, the link between core and peripheral issues is contingent on leadership. With increasing herder settlement, it is critical to manage the situation in a manner that redistributes power and protects stakeholders' livelihoods. The study also recommends the Herder-Local lvf_ediatio11 and Resources and Livelihoods frameworks respectively, to manage herder-local relations and further livelihoods.
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    "Down to the valley and up to right": the amateur mountain photography of Ken Betts, 1929-1936
    (2001) Bryan, Dawn Margaret; Draper, Dianne L.; Taras, David
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    Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: An Investigation of Ecotourism Visitors’ Experience at Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary, Ghana
    (2020-09-23) Yeboah, Bright Adu; Sicotte, Pascale; McKay, Ben M.; Draper, Dianne L.; Hayashi, Naotaka
    The ecotourism project at Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (BFMS) is a Community-based Ecotourism (CBE) project that has become a popular and fast-growing environmentally friendly segment of the tourism industry in Central Ghana, Africa. The Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary’s Community-based Ecotourism project is managed and controlled mainly by the community members in the communities of Boabeng and Fiema. This study examines the relationship between the visitor experience and sustainable ecotourism practices at BFMS. This research expands on the literature concerning the ecotourism project at the site and its sustainability by assessing its 1) socio-cultural sustainability, in terms of improvement of social wellbeing of local people and conserving the local culture; 2) economic sustainability, in terms of income generation and creation of employment opportunities; and 3) environmental sustainability, in terms of protecting the monkey species, the white-thighed colobus and the Campbell’s mona monkey, and the forest. Using participatory observation, interviews, and focus group discussions, the relationship between the visitors experience and sustainable ecotourism practices at BFMS is examined based of on four key features: 1) visitor motivations, 2) visitor activities, 3) visitor satisfaction, and 4) visitor experiences that contribute to economic, socio-cultural, and environmental sustainability. Results of this study show that a better understanding of the visitors’ experience in terms of their motivations, activities and satisfactions can lead to improvements with regards to: a) economic sustainability; b) social-cultural sustainability; and c) environmental sustainability. This research emphasizes the need to improve the visitors’ experience in terms of their connection with the cultural, social, and environmental aspects of community-based ecotourism for the ecotourism practice at BFMS to be sustainable in the long-term.
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    Evaluating ecosystem management in the Columbia mountains of British Columbia
    (2000) Feick, Jennifer (Jenny) L.; Draper, Dianne L.
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    From ranch to realty: the landscape history and heritage of former settlement schemes in the Bow Valley, west of Calgary, Alberta
    (2004) Barge, Judith Victoria; Draper, Dianne L.
    This research focuses on the historic landscapes and heritage of the former settlement schemes of Mitford, Glenbow and Bowness Estates in the Bow Valley west of Calgary, Alberta. These settlement schemes were founded by privileged British and American settlers who had come to western Canada with the original intention of taking up ranching. The settlement of Mitford was founded towards the end of the 19th century, while Glenbow and Bowness arose in the early 20th century. The author has explained how these settlement schemes originated, their nature and development, and the reasons for their demise. In this regard, the author has considered not only the physical historic environment, but also where possible, the roles and thoughts of the people involved. In addition, the author has included a comparative analysis of these settlement schemes. The geographic area containing the remnants of these former settlement schemes was previously utilized as one of the major ranches in southern Alberta. In the last decade this area of land has been altered at an unprecedented rate by increasing urbanization with the result that much potential heritage has been lost. Therefore the author has provided an inventory of the remaining heritage of these settlement schemes. The author concludes by suggesting a plan for a heritage/recreation trail that could incorporate the significant heritage of Mitford, Glenbow and Bowness Estates.
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    Interpretive material in Wateron Lakes National Park: connecting visitors with place
    (2010) McInnes, Ashley Grace; Draper, Dianne L.
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    Leisure negotiation within amenity migration
    (2010) Pavelka, Joe; Draper, Dianne L.
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    Lesser Slave Lake tourism opportunity study:
    (2005) Elkey, Christopher M.; Tsenkova, Sasha; Draper, Dianne L.
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    Lethal Control, Tradition, and Politics: Anthropocentric Large Carnivore Management in Western Canada
    (2018-05-04) Lukasik, Victoria M.; Alexander, Shelley M.; Draper, Dianne L.; Paquet, Paul C.
    Contemporary large carnivore management in North America employs a variety of lethal management practices, some of which are beginning to garner public and scientific scrutiny. These practices are questioned from an ethical and animal welfare perspective, leading some to call for a shift to a compassionate conservation approach. From a pragmatic perspective, mounting scientific evidence questions the efficacy of many of these practices. To better understand which tools are used to manage carnivores and why, I interviewed wildlife managers across Alberta, British Columbia, and the Yukon, including provincial or territorial wildlife managers, Parks Canada biologists, and conservation practitioners working for environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs). Interviews were semi-structured, covering a broad range of topics related to carnivore management. Transcribed interviews were coded in NVivo to identify trends and themes in carnivore management. Interviews confirmed a preponderance of lethal management techniques and identified a prioritization of hunting and industrial land-use by provincial and territorial governments. Managers acknowledged the inefficacy of some management techniques (e.g. bounties, hunting), but often tolerated or valued these as means to placate members of the public. Lethal management was often rationalized as acceptable for “resilient” carnivore species (e.g. wolves, coyotes), demonstrating a priority for maintaining sustainable populations. While managers expressed concern over animal suffering, they felt that ethical questions were reserved for politicians and members of the public. In order to maintain sustainable wildlife populations, wildlife habitat must be managed. However, managers discussed their lack of involvement in land-use decisions, particularly with regard to oil and gas leases in Alberta. In general, industrial development is frequently prioritized over even critical wildlife habitat, limiting managers from their ability to manage sustainable populations. Agriculture and forestry are also frequently prioritized over wildlife habitat. Managers described resorting to manipulating other species’ populations in a reactionary manner, as a result of these political influences. Managers suggested a need for members of the Canadian public to become more aware and vocal about how they value wildlife. Greater involvement and prioritization of wildlife and wild spaces amongst the citizenry could generate greater political will to improve wildlife regulations and plan implementation.