Browsing by Author "Ganshorn, Heather"
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Item Open Access Addictions and Mental Health Patient Boarding in Emergency Departments: Protocol for a Scoping Review(2023-06-08) Ridout, Amelia; Antonio, Anjolaoluwa; Bolton, James; Chan, Eric; Chisholm, Cassandra; Chow, Kristian; Ganshorn, Heather; Grimminck, Rachel; Major, Daniel; Nordstrom, Kimberly; Pearlmutter, Mark; Lang, EddyObjective: The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent, nature, and quality of evidence relating to the boarding of addictions and mental health (AMH) patients in emergency departments (EDs). Introduction: ‘Boarding’ refers to the time a patient spends in the ED before being transferred to an inpatient bed after an admission decision has been made (1-4). AMH patients are disproportionately likely to experience boarding (1,4,5). Patients can be boarded in the ED for many hours or days, often under suboptimal conditions that harm their health and wellbeing (6). Despite the ongoing issue of AMH patient boarding in EDs across Canada and globally, there is a lack of scoping or systematic reviews that synthesize the literature on this topic. Inclusion criteria: This scoping review will include peer-reviewed literature of all study designs and methodologies that meets the following inclusion criteria: (1) involve a participant population of pediatric and/or adult patients with substance use and/or mental health disorders, (2) focus on the concept of boarding or delayed transfer, and (3) occur within the context of a hospital ED. Methods: We will search the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO (on the Ovid platform), and CINAHL (on the Ebsco platform). Covidence software will be used to manage the results of the search, select studies that meet the inclusion criteria, remove duplicates, and extract data. Studies will be critically appraised using JBI critical appraisal checklists (7). Results will be reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR checklist (8).Item Open Access Amendment: Exploring Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli: A Scoping Review Protocol Comparing Antibiotic-free and Conventionally Raised Beef Cattle in Canada and the United States of America(Veterinary Medicine, Libraries and Cultural Resources, 2024-03-14) Sanguinetti, Veronica Maria; Davies, Willow-Bethany; Ganshorn, Heather; Checkley, Sylvia LeeItem Open Access Barriers, supports, and effective interventions for uptake of human papillomavirus- and other vaccines within global and Canadian Indigenous peoples: a systematic review protocol(2018-03-02) Mrklas, Kelly J; MacDonald, Shannon; Shea-Budgell, Melissa A; Bedingfield, Nancy; Ganshorn, Heather; Glaze, Sarah; Bill, Lea; Healy, Bonnie; Healy, Chyloe; Guichon, Juliet; Colquhoun, Amy; Bell, Christopher; Richardson, Ruth; Henderson, Rita; Kellner, James; Barnabe, Cheryl; Bednarczyk, Robert A; Letendre, Angeline; Nelson, Gregg SAbstract Background Despite the existence of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines with demonstrated safety and effectiveness and funded HPV vaccination programs, coverage rates are persistently lower and cervical cancer burden higher among Canadian Indigenous peoples. Barriers and supports to HPV vaccination in Indigenous peoples have not been systematically documented, nor have interventions to increase uptake in this population. This protocol aims to appraise the literature in Canadian and global Indigenous peoples, relating to documented barriers and supports to vaccination and interventions to increase acceptability/uptake or reduce hesitancy of vaccination. Although HPV vaccination is the primary focus, we anticipate only a small number of relevant studies to emerge from the search and will, therefore, employ a broad search strategy to capture literature related to both HPV vaccination and vaccination in general in global Indigenous peoples. Methods Eligible studies will include global Indigenous peoples and discuss barriers or supports and/or interventions to improve uptake or to reduce hesitancy, for the HPV vaccine and/or other vaccines. Primary outcomes are documented barriers or supports or interventions. All study designs meeting inclusion criteria will be considered, without restricting by language, location, or data type. We will use an a priori search strategy, comprised of key words and controlled vocabulary terms, developed in consultation with an academic librarian, and reviewed by a second academic librarian using the PRESS checklist. We will search several electronic databases from date of inception, without restrictions. A pre-defined group of global Indigenous websites will be reviewed for relevant gray literature. Bibliographic searches will be conducted for all included studies to identify relevant reviews. Data analysis will include an inductive, qualitative, thematic synthesis and a quantitative analysis of measured barriers and supports, as well as a descriptive synthesis and quantitative summary of measures for interventions. Discussion To our knowledge, this study will contribute the first systematic review of documented barriers, supports, and interventions for vaccination in general and for HPV vaccination. The results of this study are expected to inform future research, policies, programs, and community-driven initiatives to enhance acceptability and uptake of HPV vaccination among Indigenous peoples. Systematic review registration PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42017048844Item Open Access Consistency in Applying the Loss of Righting Reflex to Assess Unconsciousness during Induction of General Anesthesia in Rats and Mice: A Systematic Review Protocol(2022-06-29) Merenick, Dexter; Jessel, Anisha; Ganshorn, Heather; Pang, DanielThis systematic review protocol will evaluate the following question: How is the loss of righting reflex performed across studies to assess unconsciousness during induction of general anesthesia in rats and mice? The overall aim of this paper is to critically assess and evaluate the current published knowledge surrounding the LORR methodology and how it is performed.Item Open Access Development of a Misinformation Instructional Toolkit(STEM Librarians' Collaborative, 2024-11-21) Ganshorn, Heather; Wheeler, JustineThe ability to analyze information and arguments for credibility is one of the hallmarks of critical thinking. However, the proliferation of disinformation and misinformation on social media has raised concerns among educators regarding students’ ability to assess the credibility and accuracy of this information. This open educational toolkit, created by University of Calgary librarians, supports faculty in engaging students to develop skills to critically appraise the credibility of information disseminated on social media and other information platforms, and more broadly to understand misinformation and disinformation within a broader social context, in particular the deliberate use of disinformation tactics to influence public perception on a variety of topics. The toolkit also focuses on individuals as information actors, and encourages students to adopt critical thinking skills and behaviors when interpreting and sharing information. The toolkit design was informed by an extensive research process involving focus groups, a literature review, classroom piloting, and stakeholder feedback, and includes instructional resources and examples to support teaching curricula across disciplines.Item Open Access Exploring Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli: A Scoping Review Protocol Comparing Antibiotic-free and Conventionally Raised Beef Cattle in North America(2023-07-10) Sanguinetti, Verónica María; Davies, Willow-Bethany O.; Ganshorn, Heather; Checkley, Sylvia L.Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the human and animal gastrointestinal tract. Beef cattle are considered reservoirs, although some strains can trigger diarrhea in newborn calves. Certain strains, such as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STECs), pose health risks in humans and animals [2]. Antibiotic resistance in E. coli is a significant concern in human and veterinary medicine, as it can lead to treatment challenges and transmission to other bacteria [3]. Canada and the United States Drug-Resistant Index score lie among the lowest ten countries, and this can be associated with the wide use of narrow-spectrum penicillin [4]. Strains encode accessory resistance and are likely resistant to multiple antibiotic classes [5]. Evidence suggests that E. coli can be resistant to more than one antimicrobial drug, and the most common resistance phenotypes are older drugs such as tetracycline, sulfonamide, streptomycin, and ampicillin [6]. Antibiotic-free beef cattle certifications have been implemented to address antimicrobial resistance concerns in the food chain [7]. However, the evidence regarding the prevalence of resistant bacteria in antibiotic-free production systems is limited. Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli represents a significant One Health issue, highlighting the urgent need to explore alternatives, such as limiting the use of antibiotics in beef cattle production to therapeutic treatments, to mitigate the spread of resistant strains and safeguard human and animal health [8]. Objectives The objective of this study is to lead a scoping review to define the range of existing research in the area, individualize research gaps and suggest areas important for future research studies about Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli of Antibiotic-free and Conventionally Raised Beef Cattle from North America. Methods This scoping review has been designed following the JBI Reviewer’s Manual [9] and the PRISMA ScR guidelines for scoping reviews [1] to report it and the search question was constructed using the PICO framework. We will search the literature for peer-reviewed articles using the following databases: CAB Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, Environmental Complete, the Web of Science’s Science Citation Index and Emerging Sources Citation Index. The grey literature search will include a search of ProQuest Dissertations and the websites of relevant government departments, agencies, and industry groups. Two independent reviewers will screen the articles at the title, abstract, and full-text levels.Item Open Access Exploring Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli: A Scoping Review Protocol Comparing Antibiotic-free and Conventionally Raised Beef Cattle in North America(Veterinary Medicine, Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, 2023-06-20) Sanguinetti, Veronica Maria; Davies, Willow-Bethany O.; Ganshorn, Heather; Checkley, Sylvia L.Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the human and animal gastrointestinal tract. Antibiotic resistance in E. coli is a significant concern in human and veterinary medicine, as it can lead to treatment challenges and transmission to other bacteria [3]. Antibiotic-free beef cattle certifications have been implemented to address antimicrobial resistance concerns in the food chain [7]. Objectives: To define the range of existing research in the area, individualize research gaps and suggest areas important for future research studies about Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli of Antibiotic-free and Conventionally Raised Beef Cattle from North America. Methods: This scoping review has been designed following the JBI Reviewer’s Manual and the PRISMA ScR guidelines for scoping reviews. The search question was constructed using the PICO framework. We will search the literature for peer-reviewed articles using the following databases: CAB Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, Environmental Complete, the Web of Science’s Science Citation Index and Emerging Sources Citation Index. The grey literature search will include a search of ProQuest Dissertations and the websites of relevant government departments, agencies, and industry groups. Two independent reviewers will screen the articles at the title, abstract, and full-text levels.Item Open Access Factors Associated with Antimicrobial Resistant Enterococci in North American Beef Cattle: A Scoping Review Protocol(2021-07-05) Strong, Kayla; Marasco, Kaitlin; Invik, Jesse; Ganshorn, Heather; Reid-Smith, Richard; Waldner, Cheryl; Otto, Simon; Chapman, Brennan; Checkley, SylviaIntroduction: Enterococcus spp. is a commensal gram-positive bacterium routinely found in humans and bovines' intestinal tracts; however, it can lead to infection when found outside the intestinal tract.1 There is increasing difficulty in treating Enterococcal infections due to a rise in resistance, particularly multidrug resistance.2 The rise of antimicrobial resistance is a One Health problem resulting from antimicrobial use in human health, animal health, and the environment.3 This research focuses on the connection between animal and human health, and considers the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance within the North American beef cattle production system. The research will identify factors associated with antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. from cow-calf operations up to but not including human beef consumption. This project is a component of the broader iAM.AMR initiative. Objectives: The primary objective is to identify what factors increase or decrease the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. within the North American Beef Cattle Industry, from cow-calf operations to the retail setting. The results will populate a component of an integrated assessment model as a component of the Integrated Assessment Model on Antimicrobial Resistance (iAM.AMR) project, built using Analytica software (Educational Professional license, Lumina) Methods: A double-blinded scoping review following PRISMA guidelines will examine five databases (MEDLINE, BIOSIS Previews, the Web of Science Science Citation Index and Emerging Sources Citation Index, Embase, and CAB Abstracts). The search will consider Enterococcus spp., Antimicrobials, Resistance, beef cattle, and search term variants. Articles identified will be screened at three primary stages: bibliography, title and abstract, and full text. The authors will exclude articles published before 1984 (Enterococcus spp. was designated a species in 1984), journals specific to a livestock species that is not beef cattle, and non-English articles. Articles that are solely In vitro, specific to fermented meat, opinion-based, or not applicable to the North American context will also be excluded. Articles will be included if there is an intervention identified and the AMR impact of the intervention measured. Article information will be charted in an excel spreadsheet. Following the charting process, authors will identify articles to be included in the iAM.AMR Collection of Epidemiologically Derived Associations with Resistance (CEDARS) database. These articles must have an extractable "factor" associated with AMR Enterococcus spp, presented as an odds ratio or prevalence comparison (in text or graph) specific to an "intervention" and "control." The study must use non-selective media and have the total (N) provided for the intervention and control. Relevant data will be collected and coded into an Access (V2103, Microsoft) database. Meta-analysis will occur if two articles examine the same factor and are comparable in the research design and study population.Item Open Access Identifying Research Gaps for the Role of the Environment in Transmission of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Cow-Calf Operations in North America: A Scoping Review Protocol(2021-06-30) Mangat, Priyanka; Le, Stephanie; Ganshorn, Heather; Checkley, Sylvia; Liljebjelke, KarenEscherichia coli (E.coli) is a gram negative rod-shaped bacteria which is found in the intestines of people, animals and in the environment. E.coli is also found in food and untreated water. Antimicrobial use in animal production against bacteria such as E. coli is essential for maintaining animal health. However, increased antimicrobial use poses the risk of contributing to the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance occurs when microorganisms selectively develop mechanisms to protect themselves from the effects of antimicrobial compounds. Antimicrobial resistance is a One Health concern as it impacts animal, human and ecosystem health. In North America, the term cow-calf production refers to cattle raised exclusively or largely on pasture, having a grass- or hay-based diet, and which may consume a low amount of concentrate diet, producing an annual crop of calves. The calves are intended for beef production and are usually backgrounded on pasture or backgrounding lots and then finished with a high concentrate diet in feedlots. Although this literature review is not restricted to North America, information retrieved will be discussed in relation to cow-calf operations in North America. For the purpose of this scoping review, the term “environment” will refer to environmental features such as: manure, wildlife, soil, insects, and water sources. By including these search terms, the scoping review will identify environmental reservoirs that have been shown to impact the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli in cow-calf operations. Our aim is to conduct a scoping review of the evidence regarding the role of the environment in the transmission and maintenance of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli within cow-calf operations. This study will identify gaps in knowledge regarding the reservoirs and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli in cow-calf operations (2). Because the mechanisms of maintenance and transmission of antimicrobial resistance in the environment are obscure, this scoping review will aid in determining the quantity and nature of information that presently exists in this field, and aid in identifying directions for future research (3). The review will be conducted between July 1, 2021 and August 31, 2021.Item Open Access Identifying research gaps regarding the influence of maternal stress on bovine female offspring’s Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations: A scoping review protocol(2023-06-06) Birkenhagen, Brian; Ganshorn, Heather; Hernandez-Medrano, JuanIntroduction: Farmers consistently aim to increase cattle longevity in their herds to improve sustainability of cattle production. However, infertility or low fertility is one of the reasons for culling healthy dairy and beef cows with a negative impact on longevity. In dairy cattle, around 14.2% in Canada and 26.7% in the U.S. (CDIC, 2022; USDA, 1996) of cattle are culled due to fertility issues, with a similar percentage for beef cattle (US, 27.2%; USDA, 1999). Fertility in these animals shows a progressive decline which points to a long-term effect that could start during ovarian development (Wathes et al., 2014 ). The ovaries in cattle develop in utero (30-90 d of pregnancy) with heifers having their lifetime supply of follicles at birth (i.e., ovarian reserve, OR; Hernandez-Medrano et al., 2012). Any disruption in the development of the OR may result in fertility complications and decreased reproductive longevity (Hernandez-Medrano et al., 2012; Mossa et al., 2015; Akbarinejad et al., 2017). Maternal stress, such as thermal or nutritional, are some of those disruptions that have a long-lasting effect on offspring health and productive potential. The exact mechanisms for these effects are still elusive. Growing follicles produce the dimeric glycoprotein hormone, Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), which has been reported as a marker for the antral follicular population in cows and their reproductive potential (Alward & Bohlen, 2019). This review will identify publications that have studied the link between maternal stress and gonadal development, ultimately resulting in a breakdown of what’s known regarding the influence of maternal stress during gestation on AMH concentrations in female offspring. Objective: The objective of this review is to identify the published literature discussing how AMH concentrations in bovine female offspring are influenced by nutritional or thermal stress experienced by the dam during gestation. The results will highlight areas of consensus and propose research approaches to fill the gaps in knowledge. The overall goal of this scoping review is to evaluate the feasibility to implement AMH as an early marker of reproductive potential and help producers improve the sustainability of their farms. Methods: A scoping review reported according to the PRISMA scoping review extension will be carried out with a total of five databases being used for the study (CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE, BIOSIS Previews, the Web of Science, and SciELO). Concepts to be considered in the primary search include cattle, pregnancy, nutritional or thermal stress, and offspring outcomes. Article screening will consist of two stages: title and abstract, and full text. Articles will be included in the review if they discuss AMH concentrations, bovine female offspring, and are peer-reviewed academic journal articles or conference proceedings. Articles will then be excluded from the study if they are non-English or non-Spanish. The articles that meet this criterion will then be charted in an Excel spreadsheet.Item Open Access Librarian instructors in an undergraduate science course: a 20 year evolution(2021-05-27) McClurg, Caitlin; Lee, Jennifer; Ganshorn, Heather"SCIE 311: Write and Review Scientific Reports" is a long-running course at the University of Calgary that seeks to build students' skills as both users and producers of scientific literature. Over the past 20 years this course has increasingly placed emphasis on the student experience with the addition of small group teams, replacing the learning outcomes from writing product to writing process and inclusion of four lectures devoted to in-library learning and free work time. What started with one instructor and one librarian and a group of 30 science undergraduate students has expanded to three sections, with three instructors, three librarians, and 90 second, third and fourth year chemistry, geology and natural sciences students. This session will explain the evolution of librarian involvement as instructors in the course. Notably, librarians have had a supportive environment with creative and critical freedom to suggest changes and expansion to the librarian content. Librarians currently teach critical appraisal, searching, and citation management. Join us for a conversation of what librarian-faculty partnerships look like, and how librarians are partners in student learning and undergraduate research for SCIE 311.Item Open Access Librarians as Knowledge Transfer Agents for Improved Health Outcomes(2009-01-30) Robertson, Helen Lee; Ganshorn, HeatherItem Open Access MEDLINE: exporting searches as an RIS file(2018-04) Potts, Danica; Hayden, K. Alix; Ganshorn, HeatherItem Open Access MEDLINE: save and edit a search(2018-06-08) Pawlick-Potts, Danica; Hayden, Katharine Alix; Ganshorn, Heather; Lee, JenniferItem Open Access Motivations for use, user experience, and quality of menstrual cycle tracking mobile applications: A scoping review protocol(2023-07-05) Kazakoff, Alissa; Doroshuk, Marissa L.; Ganshorn, Heather; Doyle-Baker, Patricia K.Objective: This scoping review aims to comprehensively assess and describe the existing peerreviewed literature on motivations for use, user experience, and menstrual cycle app quality. Introduction: The global mHealth market is growing at an unprecedented rate and is expected to reach an estimated value of $18.7 billion by 2030 (Prophecy Market Insights, 2021). Tracking health and menstrual cycle metrics can empower individuals by increasing awareness and understanding of their menstrual cycle, being prepared for different cycle phases, contraception and fertility, improving health-related behaviours, and informing conversations with healthcare providers (Epstein et al., 2017; Levy & Romo-Avilés 2019; Karasneh et al., 2020; Adnan et al., 2021; Gonçalves et al., 2021). Recent studies have identified several different factors that render users more likely for continued app use. These include perceived personal and health benefits, app accuracy, usability, and user-friendly design (Karasneh et al, 2020; Schantz et al., 2021). Inclusion criteria: This scoping review will investigate the existing literature on menstrual cycle tracking app use and factors contributing to user retention, such as motivations for the use of the app, user experience, and app quality. All studies published in English after 2010 will be included related to investigating apps that serve a pre-menopausal menstrual cycle app user base, given that relevant data may be included even in studies where the scoping review research question is not the focus. Methods: The search strategy will aim to locate peer-reviewed studies. An initial limited search of MEDLINE was undertaken to identify articles on the topic. Studies published in English will be included. Studies published since 2010 will be included as that timeline is most appropriate for the introduction of smartphones and smartphone apps on the market. The databases to be searched include MEDLINE (Ovid platform), Embase (Ovid platform), Scopus (Elsevier), ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore.Item Open Access New Directions in Health Sciences Libraries in Canada: Research and Evidence based Practice Are Key(Wiley, 2017-07) Ganshorn, Heather; Giustini, DeanThis article is the second in a new series in this regular feature. The intention of the series is to look at important global developments in health science libraries. These articles will serve as a road map, describing the key changes in the field and exploring factors driving these changes. The present article by two Canadian librarians identifies important national developments which are shaping the profession such as the centralisation of health care services, the challenge of providing consumer health information in the absence of a national strategy, government recognition of the need to recognise and respond to the health needs of indigenous peoples and the growing emphasis on managing research data. Although their profession is strong, health science librarians must find ways of providing enhanced services with fewer staff and demonstrate value to organisations.Item Open Access Protocol for 'Tick Surveillance Systems in North America: A Scoping Review'(2021-07) Romney, Elise; Cork, Susan; Envik, Akaysha; Ganshorn, Heather; Couloigner, Isabelle; Checkley, SylviaIntroduction: Tick surveillance is important to detect new ticks or changes in tick occurrence and distribution within a region. This facilitates communication of and response to changes in tick distribution. Tick surveillance systems also provide a framework from which to assess tick-borne disease carriage. This information can be used to launch further investigation and inform risk assessments and mitigation strategies for tick-borne disease in people and animals. For example, many tick surveillance systems focus on blacklegged ticks, like Ixodes scapularis, that can carry Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Lyme disease can cause clinical signs such as erythema migrans, meningitis, cranial neuropathy, arthritis, carditis (1 ) in people and some animal species like dogs and horses. White-footed mice and other small mammals are important natural reservoirs of the bacteria while deer and other mammals can carry the ticks (2,3). Hard ticks (Family: Ixodidae) are found in an increasingly broad range of environments as climate change apparently makes it possible for them to survive in regions where they had not previously been found (4). Lyme disease, and other tick-borne diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Anaplasmosis, are a One Health problem, at the interface between human health, animal health, and the environment. Objectives: The primary objective of this scoping review is to describe the characteristics of tick surveillance systems from 1960 onward. This research will focus on reviewing published and grey literature and then describing the characteristics of tick surveillance systems, including location, year, type of surveillance, and method of data collection. Methods: This scoping review will be carried out following PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. Databases used include MEDLINE, CAB Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews and the Web of Science Core Collection. ProQuest Dissertations will be searched for relevant dissertations. The articles will be screened at the title and abstract, and full text levels by two reviewers blinded to each other's assessment. Articles published prior to 1960 will be excluded, and only articles that describe surveillance systems will be included. Government websites will also be searched for information about tick surveillance programs, globally.Item Open Access Protocol for a scoping review on agricultural digital technologies in Canada used for crops.(2024-04-10) Sanguinetti, V. Margarita; Ishaque, Hanan; Nelson, Francine; Ganshorn, Heather; Lhermie, GuillaumeAgriculture is undergoing a digital transformation, driven by technologies aimed at improving efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. In Canada, the sector is embracing digital solutions to enhance crop production while meeting increasing food demand and consumer preferences for transparency. Digital technologies, including precision agriculture (PA) and data analysis tools are revolutionizing agriculture by integrating on-farm data collection, analysis, and interpretation. They enable informed decision-making tailored to diverse field needs and optimize soil and crop management practices This study conducts a scoping review of Canadian research on digital technologies in crop production, aiming to understand current trends, identify emerging technologies, and address research gaps. It highlights successes, challenges, and areas needing attention, emphasizing the importance of responsible deployment considering issues such as data governance, privacy, and security. This review aims to inform future policy environment for the widespread adoption of digital technologies in Canadian agricultureItem Open Access Protocol for a systematic review of disease control strategies used to prevent infectious mortality and morbidity in pre-weaned beef calves(2021-05-07) Windeyer, M. Claire; Sanguinetti, V. Margarita; Agbese, Samuel; Ganshorn, HeatherIt is essential to optimize the production of calves in order to maximize economic returns to producers and the availability of feeder cattle and replacement stock for the industry. Morbidity and mortality in beef calves have negative impacts on beef operations and are associated with considerable economic damage (2,3). By implementing effective disease control strategies, morbidity and mortality caused by Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) and Neonatal Calf Diarrhea (NCD) may be reduced. Studies have shown that failed transfer of passive immunity (3–7), season of birth (8), herd size (2,3), assistance at calving (3,9), and purchasing adult cattle and using community pastures (10) are risk factors for morbidity and mortality in calves. Disease control strategies are an essential component of the health management of beef herds (11) and some preventive practices have shown financial benefits (12). Herd demographics and management practices alter the epidemiology of disease within the herd (13), with various strategies aiming to improve the animal environment, boost the immune system (14), and diminish animal exposure to potential pathogens (15). Risk factors associated with the multifactorial syndromes of BRD and NCD have been explored mainly in dairy calves (5–8), but there are a limited number of studies related to beef calves (16) and no efforts to summarize the available literature have been reported. A systematic review of the current scientific literature will be conducted focusing on colostrum management, vaccination strategies, biosecurity, biocontainment, metaphylactic use of antibiotics, and other strategies used to prevent mortality and morbidity caused by BRD and NCD in pre-weaned beef calves. To the best of our knowledge, there is no published systematic review on disease control strategies used in beef calves during the preweaning stage.Item Open Access Protocol for the systematic review of strategies used in beef cattle to prevent or control internal or external parasites(2021-08) Agbese, Samuel; Sanguinetti, V. Margarita; Gilleard, John; Ganshorn, Heather; Windeyer, M. ClaireThis paper describes the protocol for a systematic review that will evaluate the following question: What strategies are most effective for the prevention or control of internal or external parasites in beef cattle herds? The overall objective of this systematic review is to critically assess and synthesize the current published knowledge on the aforementioned review question.