Browsing by Author "Laupland, Kevin B."

Now showing 1 - 20 of 25
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    A New Paradigm for Clinical Trials in Antibiotherapy?
    (2011-01-01) Laupland, Kevin B.; Fisman, David N.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Systems: Are Potential Biases Taken into Account?
    (2011-01-01) Rempel, Olivia; Pitout, Johann DD.; Laupland, Kevin B.
    The objective of this study was to assess potential biases that may influence the validity of contemporary antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogen surveillance systems. Although surveillance data have been widely published and used by researchers and decision makers, little attention has been devoted to the assessment of their validity. A Medline search was used to identify reports, in 2008, of laboratory-based AMR surveillance systems. Identified surveillance systems were appraised for six different types of bias. Scores were assigned as ‘2’ (good), ‘1’ (fair) and ‘0’ (poor) for each bias. The results of this assessment indicate that there are several potential biases that can influence the validity of AMR surveillance information and, therefore, the potential for bias should be considered in the interpretation and use of AMR surveillance data.BACKGROUND: The validity of surveillance systems has rarely been a topic of investigation.OBJECTIVE: To assess potential biases that may influence the validity of contemporary antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogen surveillance systems.METHODS: In 2008, reports of laboratory-based AMR surveillance systems were identified by searching Medline. Surveillance systems were appraised for six different types of bias. Scores were assigned as ‘2’ (good), ‘1’ (fair) and ‘0’ (poor) for each bias.RESULTS: A total of 22 surveillance systems were included. All studies used appropriate denominator data and case definitions (score of 2). Most (n=18) studies adequately protected against case ascertainment bias (score = 2), with three studies and one study scoring 1 and 0, respectively. Only four studies were deemed to be free of significant sampling bias (score = 2), with 17 studies classified as fair, and one as poor. Eight studies had explicitly removed duplicates (score = 2). Seven studies removed duplicates, but lacked adequate definitions (score = 1). Seven studies did not report duplicate removal (score = 0). Eighteen of the studies were considered to have good laboratory methodology, three had some concerns (score = 1), and one was considered to be poor (score = 0).CONCLUSION: Contemporary AMR surveillance systems commonly have methodological limitations with respect to sampling and multiple counting and, to a lesser degree, case ascertainment and laboratory practices. The potential for bias should be considered in the interpretation of surveillance data.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Assessment of the safety and feasibility of administering anti-pyretic therapy in critically ill adults: study protocol of a randomized trial
    (BioMed Central, 2012-03-12) Niven, Daniel J.; Léger, Caroline; Kubes, Paul; Stelfox, H. Tom; Laupland, Kevin B.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Clinical outcome of empiric antimicrobial therapy of bacteremia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae
    (BioMed Central, 2010-04-27) Chaubey, Vikas P.; Pitout, Johann D. D.; Dalton, Bruce; Ross, Terry; Church, Deirdre L.; Gregson, Daniel B.; Laupland, Kevin B.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    A decade of experience with injuries to the gallbladder
    (BioMed Central, 2010-04-15) Ball, Chad G.; Dixon, Elijah; Kirkpatrick, Andrew W.; Sutherland, Francis R; Laupland, Kevin B.; Feliciano, David V
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Delusional Infestation
    (2016-03-29) Laupland, Kevin B.; Valiquette, Louis
    Although the practice of infectious diseases involves a broad range of surgical and medical disciplines, interactions with psychiatry are infrequent. Delusional infestation is a condition where an individual has a firmly fixed false belief that they have an infection. Delusional infestation challenges the infectious diseases specialist who must diligently rule out the presence of a true infection. However, perhaps, more importantly, we may need to initiate therapy with neuroleptic medications for which we may have little specific knowledge and experience. In this note we review the diagnosis and management of patients with delusional infestation.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Diagnosis and management of temperature abnormality in ICUs: a EUROBACT investigators’ survey
    (BioMed Central, 2013-12-10) Niven, Daniel J.; Laupland, Kevin B.; Tabah, Alexis; Vesin, Aurélien; Rello, Jordi; Koulenti, Despoina; Dimopoulos, George; de Waele, Jan; Timsit, Jean-Francois
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    The distinct category of healthcare associated bloodstream infections
    (BioMed Central, 2012-04-09) Lenz, Ryan; Leal, Jenine R.; Church, Deirdre L.; Gregson, Daniel B.; Ross, Terry; Laupland, Kevin B.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    The epidemiology of intensive care unit-acquired hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia in medical-surgical intensive care units
    (BioMed Central, 2008-12-18) Stelfox, Henry Thomas; Ahmed, Sofia B; Khandwala, Farah; Zygun, David; Shahpori, Reza; Laupland, Kevin B.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Epidemiology of severe acute renal failure and prognosis for renal recovery in critically ill patients
    (2005) Bagshaw, Sean Michael; Doig, Christopher; Laupland, Kevin B.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Hospital mortality among major trauma victims admitted on weekends and evenings: a cohort study
    (BioMed Central, 2009-07-27) Laupland, Kevin B.; Ball, Chad G.; Kirkpatrick, Andrew W.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Increasing incidence and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli bloodstream infections: a multinational population-based cohort study
    (2021-09-06) MacKinnon, Melissa C.; McEwen, Scott A.; Pearl, David L.; Lyytikäinen, Outi; Jacobsson, Gunnar; Collignon, Peter; Gregson, Daniel B.; Valiquette, Louis; Laupland, Kevin B.
    Abstract Background Escherichia coli is an important pathogen in humans and is the most common cause of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs). The objectives of our study were to determine factors associated with E. coli BSI incidence rate and third-generation cephalosporin resistance in a multinational population-based cohort. Methods We included all incident E. coli BSIs (2014–2018) from national (Finland) and regional (Australia [Canberra], Sweden [Skaraborg], and Canada [Calgary, Sherbrooke, and western interior]) surveillance. Incidence rates were directly age and sex standardized to the European Union 28-country 2018 population. Multivariable negative binomial and logistic regression models estimated factors significantly associated with E. coli BSI incidence rate and third-generation cephalosporin resistance, respectively. The explanatory variables considered for inclusion in both models were year (2014–2018), region (six areas), age (< 70-years-old and ≥ 70-years-old), and sex (female and male). Results We identified 31,889 E. coli BSIs from 40.7 million person-years of surveillance. Overall and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant standardized rates were 87.1 and 6.6 cases/100,000 person-years, respectively, and increased 14.0% and 40.1% over the five-year study. Overall, 7.8% (2483/31889) of E. coli BSIs were third-generation cephalosporin-resistant. Calgary, Canberra, Sherbrooke, and western interior had significantly lower E. coli BSI rates compared to Finland. The significant association between age and E. coli BSI rate varied with sex. Calgary, Canberra, and western interior had significantly greater odds of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli BSIs compared to Finland. Compared to 2014, the odds of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli BSIs were significantly increased in 2016, 2017, and 2018. The significant association between age and the odds of having a third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli BSI varied with sex. Conclusions Increases in overall and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant standardized E. coli BSI rates were clinically important. Overall, E. coli BSI incidence rates were 40–104% greater than previous investigations from the same study areas. Region, sex, and age are important variables when analyzing E. coli BSI rates and third-generation cephalosporin resistance in E. coli BSIs. Considering E. coli is the most common cause of BSIs, this increasing burden and evolving third-generation cephalosporin resistance will have an important impact on human health, especially in aging populations.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Intensive care unit-acquired urinary tract infections in a regional critical care system
    (BioMed Central, 2005-01) Laupland, Kevin B.; Bagshaw, S. M.; Gregson, D. B .; Kirkpatrick, Andrew W.; Ross, T.; Church, D. L.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Matched case-control studies: a review of reported statistical methodology
    (Dove Medical Press, 2012-04) Niven, Daniel J.; Berthiaume, Luc R.; Fick, Gordon H.; Laupland, Kevin B.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Mortality in Escherichia coli bloodstream infections: a multinational population-based cohort study
    (2021-06-25) MacKinnon, Melissa C.; McEwen, Scott A.; Pearl, David L.; Lyytikäinen, Outi; Jacobsson, Gunnar; Collignon, Peter; Gregson, Daniel B.; Valiquette, Louis; Laupland, Kevin B.
    Abstract Background Escherichia coli is the most common cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs) and mortality is an important aspect of burden of disease. Using a multinational population-based cohort of E. coli BSIs, our objectives were to evaluate 30-day case fatality risk and mortality rate, and determine factors associated with each. Methods During 2014–2018, we identified 30-day deaths from all incident E. coli BSIs from surveillance nationally in Finland, and regionally in Sweden (Skaraborg) and Canada (Calgary, Sherbrooke, western interior). We used a multivariable logistic regression model to estimate factors associated with 30-day case fatality risk. The explanatory variables considered for inclusion were year (2014–2018), region (five areas), age (< 70-years-old, ≥70-years-old), sex (female, male), third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistance (susceptible, resistant), and location of onset (community-onset, hospital-onset). The European Union 28-country 2018 population was used to directly age and sex standardize mortality rates. We used a multivariable Poisson model to estimate factors associated with mortality rate, and year, region, age and sex were considered for inclusion. Results From 38.7 million person-years of surveillance, we identified 2961 30-day deaths in 30,923 incident E. coli BSIs. The overall 30-day case fatality risk was 9.6% (2961/30923). Calgary, Skaraborg, and western interior had significantly increased odds of 30-day mortality compared to Finland. Hospital-onset and 3GC-resistant E. coli BSIs had significantly increased odds of mortality compared to community-onset and 3GC-susceptible. The significant association between age and odds of mortality varied with sex, and contrasts were used to interpret this interaction relationship. The overall standardized 30-day mortality rate was 8.5 deaths/100,000 person-years. Sherbrooke had a significantly lower 30-day mortality rate compared to Finland. Patients that were either ≥70-years-old or male both experienced significantly higher mortality rates than those < 70-years-old or female. Conclusions In our study populations, region, age, and sex were significantly associated with both 30-day case fatality risk and mortality rate. Additionally, 3GC resistance and location of onset were significantly associated with 30-day case fatality risk. Escherichia coli BSIs caused a considerable burden of disease from 30-day mortality. When analyzing population-based mortality data, it is important to explore mortality through two lenses, mortality rate and case fatality risk.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Occurrence and adverse effect on outcome of hyperlactatemia in the critically ill
    (BioMed Central, 2009-06-12) Khosravani, Houman; Shahpori, Reza; Stelfox, H Thomas; Kirkpatrick, Andrew W.; Laupland, Kevin B.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Population-Based Laboratory Surveillance of Imported Malaria in Metropolitan Calgary, 2000–2011
    (PLoS ONE, 2013-04-15) Lee, Clara S.; Gregson, Daniel B.; Church, Deirdre; Laupland, Kevin B.; Eckhardt, Rose; Ross, Terry; Chan, Wilson; Pillai, Dylan R.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Rationale for and protocol of a multi-national population-based bacteremia surveillance collaborative
    (BioMed Central, 2009-07-22) Laupland, Kevin B.; Schønheyder, Henrik C; Kennedy, Karina J; Lyytikäinen, Outi; Valiquette, Louis; Galbraith, John; Collignon, Peter; Church, Deirdre L; Gregson, Daniel B; Kibsey, Pamela