Browsing by Author "Lhermie, Guillaume"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    1–10-100: Unifying goals to mobilize global action on antimicrobial resistance
    (2024-08-27) Rogers Van Katwyk, Susan; Poirier, Mathieu J. P.; Chandy, Sujith J.; Faure, Kim; Fisher, Caitlin; Lhermie, Guillaume; Moodley, Arshnee; Sarkar, Satyajit; Sophie, Masika; Strong, Kayla; Weldon, Isaac; Hoffman, Steven J.
    Abstract The Bellagio Group for Accelerating AMR Action met in April 2024 to develop the ambitious but achievable 1–10-100 unifying goals to galvanize global policy change and investments for antimicrobial resistance mitigation: 1 Health; 10 million lives saved; and 100% sustainable access to effective antimicrobials. High profile political goals such as the Paris Agreement’s objective to keep global warming well below 2° Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels, UNAIDS’ 90–90-90 goal, and the Sustainable Development Goals challenge global norms, direct attention towards relevant activities, and serve an energizing function to motivate action over an extended period of time. The 1–10-100 unifying goals propose to unite the world through a One Health approach to safeguard human health, animal welfare, agrifood systems, and the environment from the emergence and spread of drug-resistant microbes and infections; save over 10 million lives by 2040 through concerted efforts to prevent and appropriately treat infections while preserving the vital systems and services that depend on sustained antimicrobial effectiveness; and commit to ensuring that antimicrobials are available and affordable for all, used prudently, and secured for the future through innovation. Compared to existing technical targets, these unifying goals offer advantages of focusing on prevention, encouraging multisectoral action and collaboration, promoting health equity, recognizing the need for innovation, and integrating with Sustainable Development Goals. By committing to 1 Health, 10 million lives saved, and 100% sustainable access to effective antimicrobials, we can protect lives and livelihoods today and safeguard options for tomorrow.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Mismatch Between Canada’s Economic Immigration Policies and Professional Regulatory Organizations: Case Study of Foreign Trained Physicians in Alberta
    (2024-05-29) Nesbitt, Hannah; Lhermie, Guillaume
    Alberta Health Services (AHS) is currently grappling with significant challenges, including the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, a growing and aging population, the mental health and opioid crises, healthcare professionals leaving the province, increasing wait times for tests and surgeries, and widespread staff burnout. One solution to addressing these challenges is by employing foreign trained physicians that have immigrated to Alberta, through the federal immigration system. However, self-governing regulatory bodies pose as barriers to having education from outside of Canada accredited. Thus, the goal of this thematic review is to synthetize literature from 2008 to 2023, on the barriers that exist within the credential recognition process and the extent to which these barriers may prevent highly skilled immigrants from entering the labour market, specifically for foreign trained physicians in Alberta. Key word searches in Science Direct, jstor, UCalgary Library, Google Scholar, Stats Canada and social sciences abstracts, identified many peer-reviewed journal articles. However, after a thematic review of the literature, 10 articles emerged which characterized six different themes including jurisdictional challenges, lack of prior knowledge on processes, training entry barriers, discrimination, a small number of residency spots, and ethics of recruiting. The result of this review benefits the future study on the accreditation process for foreign trained physicians and can provide direction on future policy decisions or solutions to the on-going challenges that exist within AHS, and self-governing regulatory bodies.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemEmbargo
    Modeling of Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterococci Exposure Risks in Canadian Beef Cattle Production System Using Existing Data
    (2024-04-17) Strong, Kayla; Checkley, Sylvia L.; Checkley, Sylvia L.; Kastelic, John Patrick; Otto, Simon James G.; Reid-Smith, Richard; Waldner, Cheryl Lynne; Lhermie, Guillaume; Noyes, Noelle
    Antimicrobial resistance occurs when microbes change, and antimicrobials previously used to treat them are no longer effective. Antimicrobial resistance presents a global risk to health and food safety, with previously treatable infections becoming increasingly costly and challenging. Antimicrobial resistance is a quintessential One Health issue, given its impact and drivers across human, animal, and environmental health, and requires transdisciplinary interpretations and solutions. This thesis considers methods of risk interpretation using a case study of antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus spp. within Canadian beef production systems. Five objectives were considered: (1) to identify factors associated with antimicrobial-resistant enterococci within Canadian beef production systems; (2) to construct an integrated assessment model for interpretation of factors potentially associated with antimicrobial-resistant enterococci; (3) to construct a risk profile for interpretation of risks associated with antimicrobial-resistant enterococci in Canadian beef; (4) to construct a Bayesian model for interpretation of enterococci resistance within beef production; and (5) to describe integrated strengths and weaknesses of modeling approaches. Factors assessed for association with antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus spp. within Canadian beef production systems included antimicrobial and nutritional supplement administration to cattle, environmental factors, and type of processing plant. Resistance trends were often nuanced to unique gene and phenotypic resistance. Patterns varied by species of enterococci. When data were available, the integrated assessment model utilized crude odds ratios extracted from identified factors. Limited data for baseline seeding and factor inclusion limited the model's interpretability. Recommendations and best practices are proposed for future model applications. The risk profile was developed to meet the Codex 77 guidelines and demonstrated the scarce evidence of enterococci resistance transference from beef products, and limited human pathogenicity of enterococci from foodborne consumption. The risk profile highlighted the need for Canadian surveillance studies of enterococci in food products for more informed decision-making. The Bayesian model incorporated available evidence with current estimates of enterococci resistance trends, integrating expert opinion within the model. The model suggests that less than 0.3% of beef products carry antimicrobial-resistant E. faecalis. Individual models and risk discussions uniquely fill niches in resistance discussions and interpretations but were insufficient for providing a holistic interpretation required by stakeholders across the production chain. Drawing findings from multiple reports supported a better understanding and enhanced decision-making.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Protocol for a scoping review on agricultural digital technologies in Canada used for crops.
    (2024-04-10) Sanguinetti, V. Margarita; Ishaque, Hanan; Nelson, Francine; Ganshorn, Heather; Lhermie, Guillaume
    Agriculture is undergoing a digital transformation, driven by technologies aimed at improving efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. In Canada, the sector is embracing digital solutions to enhance crop production while meeting increasing food demand and consumer preferences for transparency. Digital technologies, including precision agriculture (PA) and data analysis tools are revolutionizing agriculture by integrating on-farm data collection, analysis, and interpretation. They enable informed decision-making tailored to diverse field needs and optimize soil and crop management practices This study conducts a scoping review of Canadian research on digital technologies in crop production, aiming to understand current trends, identify emerging technologies, and address research gaps. It highlights successes, challenges, and areas needing attention, emphasizing the importance of responsible deployment considering issues such as data governance, privacy, and security. This review aims to inform future policy environment for the widespread adoption of digital technologies in Canadian agriculture
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Rotational grazing in beef cattle pasture-based systems as a soil health practice to support climate change mitigation and biodiversity: protocol for a systematic review
    (2023-06-26) Sanguinetti, Lucia Ines; Tang, Minfeng; Ganshorn, Heather; Lhermie, Guillaume
    Background: The rise in population and industrial practices are causing negative impacts on our environment, leading to climate change. This phenomenon triggers extreme weather events, increasing soil evaporation and lowering water availability for plants. It requires the attention of every economic sector, and agriculture has the potential to mitigate its effects. The Canadian government has recently launched the Sustainable Agriculture Strategy plan, which goal is to encourage the use of eco-friendly practices and the implementation of new technologies. One of the strategies promoted is rotational grazing, for supporting soil health. Rotational grazing is a practice that involves residency and rest periods of pastures for grazing cattle. This study aims to conduct a systematic review to identify the current rotational grazing systems used worldwide and their impact on GHG emissions, biodiversity, soil health, and productivity. Our findings will inform the value of rotational grazing in beef systems in Canada. Evaluating the cost/benefit relationship of implementing recommended rotational grazing systems with different levels of intensification. Focusing on semi-arid and continental climates, considering both tame and native grassland that pre-exist in Canada. Methods: This systematic review will include all types of rotational grazing studies under beef grazing operations. As well as: articles that estimate GHG emissions (IPCC methodology), native and tame pastures (Poaceae and Fabaceae) with any type of intensification, the climate of interest (continental, semi-arid), relevant plant species to Canada, biodiversity and Bos Taurus cattle population. If possible, articles will be included in a meta-analysis examining the impacts of the different rotational practices.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Understanding and Defining Regenerative Agriculture Practices in Alberta: From Producer to Policy
    (2024-05-29) Nelson, Francine; Lhermie, Guillaume
    This paper explores the opportunities for Regenerative Agriculture (RA) in Alberta, aiming to inform effective policy design based on stakeholder input. It examines how farmers define RA, the RA practices they currently utilize, the barriers they experience in implementing RA practices and the opportunities for enabling policy design and implementation. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 participants with knowledge and experience with RA in Alberta. The findings reveal that defining RA requires a context-specific approach that considers regional conditions and individual farmer needs. Key barriers to the implementation of RA practices include Alberta’s climate, short growing season and a lack of producer knowledge. Insufficient inclusion of diverse perspectives in agricultural policymaking, disincentives for early adopters of RA and the lack of incentives for farmer participation in policy discussions are identified as policy gaps requiring adjustments. The findings highlight the need for tailored policies that accommodate the diverse needs of farmers while promoting the principles of RA. This study provides valuable insights into how farmers perceive government policies related to RA, offering policy recommendations to help develop more effective strategies to overcome barriers and promote the expansion of RA in Alberta.