Browsing by Author "Mamani Alvarez, Jilczy"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemEmbargo
    An Ecologic-social-economic Evaluation Of The Impacts Of Petroleum Pipeline Development In The Andean Region
    (2005) Mamani Alvarez, Jilczy; Currie, Marlow; Cajilema, Alex Perez; Vallejo, Fabian Torres; Sanchez, Silvia Sevilla
    The petroleum industry has become an important source of income for Andean Countries. Peru and Ecuador has extensive natural reserves in oil and gas. The development has created an impact in the region. To take advantage of these natural resources, which often are located in remote environmental and socially sensitive areas. Transmission pipelines have been constructed to transport these resources from the Amazon basin to the coastal regions. The effects have impacted many sectors both locally and internationally. This paper addresses the socio-economic and environmental impacts that pipeline development has brought to the region through an observation of two recent transmission pipeline projects in Latin America: The Camisea Project in Peru and the Oeloducto de Crudos Pesados (OCP) in Ecuador. The analysis focused on five key areas: industrial, economical, environmental, social and legal aspects. The findings of this project show that despite of the important economical benefits these projects have provided to the Andean Region, other sectors of the region have experienced negative impacts. The negative social impacts and potential environmental risks have created a growing negative perception with the public and international environmental agencies. This perception is related to the benefits and expectations that the petroleum industry has in the regions. The difficulties appear to root themselves the impacts the high technology has had on local economies and the lack of infrastructure in education and training and enforcement of regulations to allow more local satisfaction. The goals of this paper were to; identify the barriers, stakeholders and driving forces that affect these areas and through comparison, and with the use a literature review methodology of international practices identify options that could improve the regional situation. This paper summarize a list of key areas where improvements in these countries could reduce risks and offer strategic solutions that can overcome barriers and promote a sustainable development of pipeline projects in the Andean Region.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemEmbargo
    Cause-impact Evaluation Of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils At Petroleum Refineries
    (2005) Mamani Alvarez, Jilczy
    This Master Degree Project (MDO) is focused in Talara Refinery, which is the second largest refinery in Peru. Talara Refinery is in the implementation process of ISO 14001, however the contaminiation of soils and groundwater has been iidentifed as an important environmental liability that would prevent them of the implementation of this Environmental Management System (EMS). Contaimination of soils and groundwater occurs when petroleum products are released to the environment due to rupture or leaks of pipelines, valves and storage equipment, and/or poor operational practices. This MDP identifies the souces of contamination and analyzes impacts on Talara and refinery itself. The author found that in the case of Refinery, spills or leaks were consequence of poor maintenance programs or operational practices. This caused the accumulation of important amount of hydrocarbons in the soil and groundwater that was evident during the visit to the site. Such degree of contamination impacts the environmental balance, brings social conflicts and deseases, and represents economical losses that are identified in detail in Chapter Four. In addition, this project also evaluates the current practices at Talara Refinery in order to identify the stakeholders, driving fources or barriers that would prevent the implementation of a strategy for Remediation and Prevention of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils at the Refinery. Remediation Technologies are evaluated into a matrix in order to decide which technolgoy may apply to the problem of the Refinery. Three technologies are propsed by the authro for soil remediation: landfarming, beneficial reuse and bioremediation. Finally, the author propses the Pollution Prevention Strategy with a list of tools to be used and practices to develop in order to avoid feture contamination of soils and groundwater at Talara Refinery and other Petroleum Refineries.