Browsing by Author "Moradpour Taleshi, Javad"
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- ItemOpen AccessEconomics of innovation in the pharmaceutical industry(2020-07-06) Moradpour Taleshi, Javad; Hollis, Aidan; Lu, Mingshan; Magesan, Arvind; Laliberté, Jean William P.; Devlin, Rose AnneThis thesis is a collection of three essays which investigate the economics of innovation in the healthcare industry. In Chapter 2 I use a global data set to measure the effect of health losses and average patient income on innovation in different therapeutic areas. I show that the average patient income is a strong predictor of the number of clinical trials, and I demonstrate how this can be used to identify diseases that are underfunded relative to their harm to human health. Chapter 3 presents a theoretical model of health markets with public health insurance. The model describes the operation of the cost-effectiveness threshold frequently employed by public insurers to decide which health products to cover. I show that having two different thresholds for products with and without patents can increase efficiency. Chapter 4 introduces a structural model of pharmaceutical innovation. Estimates from this model show that the net effect of a firm's innovation on their rivals' decision to innovate in the same therapeutic area is negative. The model demonstrates that previous firm-specific experience in a therapeutic area is a key factor in the decision to invest in that therapeutic area.
- ItemOpen AccessNontrivial Decay of Aftershock Density With Distance in Southern California(2014-07-11) Moradpour Taleshi, Javad; Davidsen, JörnThe decay of the aftershock density with distance plays an important role in the discussion of the dominant underlying cause of earthquake triggering. Here, we provide evidence that its form is more complicated than typically assumed and that in particular a transition in the power law decay occurs at length scales comparable to the thickness of the crust. This is supported by an analysis of a high-resolution catalogue for Southern California and surrogate catalogues generated by the Epidemic-Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model, which take into account short-term aftershock incompleteness, anisotropic triggering and variations in the observational magnitude threshold. Our findings indicate specifically that the asymptotic decay in the aftershock density with distance is characterized by an exponent larger than 2.0, which is much bigger than the observed exponent of approximately 1.35 observed for shorter distances. This has also important consequences for time-dependent seismic hazard assessment based on the ETAS model.