Browsing by Author "Mudry, Tanya E."
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Item Open Access “Addiction sits in the background doing push-ups waiting for us to have a weak moment” Doing Recovery from Gambling Problems Online(2011) Mudry, Tanya E.; Strong, TomItem Embargo Addiction Substitution and Concurrent Recovery in Gambling Disorder: Evidence from Multiple Studies(2020-08) Kim, Andrew Hyounsoo; Hodgins, David Carson; McGrath, Daniel S.; von Ranson, Kristin M.; Mudry, Tanya E.; Ledgerwood, David M.The dissertation aimed to increase our understanding of addiction substitution and concurrent recovery in gambling disorder. In Study 1, a systematic review was conducted to identify empirical studies on addiction substitution. A total of 79 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the studies that provided statistical results, relatively few studies (18.18%) found support for addiction substitution. The majority of studies (50.91%) found support for a concurrent model of recovery. Addiction substitution was associated with worse treatment outcomes and increased risk of relapse. Males, younger age, greater substance use severity, and the presence of mental health disorders were associated with addiction substitution. In Study 2, a mixed-method study was conducted with 185 people who were recovered from gambling disorder and engaged in addiction substitution, concurrent recovery, or neither (i.e., controls). Semi-structured interviews were used to assess the processes (e.g., reasons, emotional state, helpfulness) associated with engaging in addiction substitution and concurrent recovery. Participants also completed a survey assessing their demographic, gambling, and psychological characteristics. The most frequently reported reason for increasing another addictive behavior was as a substitute coping mechanism, whereas a connection between the addictions (i.e., simultaneous use) was most commonly reported as the reason for engaging in concurrent recovery. Addiction substitution was associated with greater underlying psychological vulnerabilities. In Study 3, co-occurring patterns of problem gambling and addiction severity as well as their predictors were examined in a secondary analysis of a 5-year prospective longitudinal study of gambling and problem gambling (N= 4,121 participants). Predictors included demographics, mental health disorders, personality, stress, life satisfaction, happiness and social support. Six co-occurring patterns were identified. The largest co-occurring pattern was characterized by concurrent recovery. Several co-occurring patterns were characterized by moderate to severe problem gambling and addiction severity that remained stable over time. No co-occurring pattern represented addiction substitution. The presence of mental health disorders, stress, and life satisfaction significantly predicted the different co-occurring patterns. Taken together, the results suggest that individuals are more likely to engage in concurrent recovery compared to addiction substitution. However, addiction substitution is associated with greater severity of problems and worse treatment outcomes.Item Open Access The Alberta Incidence Study: Predicting ‘Crossover Youth’ and ‘Academic Difficulties’ by Child, Caregiver, and Environmental Factors(2020-10-28) Kassian, Alicia Marie; Nordstokke, David W.; Hindes, Yvonne L.; Mudry, Tanya E.A portion of a Canada wide project, The Alberta Incidence Study investigates various risk factors and prevalence rates of child maltreatment cases in Alberta (MacLaurin et al., 2013). The information collected provides an understanding of children involved in the children’s services population in Alberta. “Crossover Youth” have become a subpopulation of attention in recent years within child maltreatment research. “Crossover Youth” are defined as maltreated youth within children’s services who also engage in delinquency (Herz, et al., 2010). Crossover youth have also been associated to areas of academic difficulties, including learning difficulties and academic performance (Herz et al., 2010). Academic difficulties are defined as children identified with learning disabilities, special needs, or behaviour problems, which are usually identified in the school system. The Alberta Incidence Study Data was utilized to help predict crossover youth or academic difficulties in three categories; Child factors, Caregiver factors and Environmental factors. Results indicate that among maltreated youth, caregivers with any risk factor (5.67 times) and history of foster care (2.37 times) made crossover status more likely. Youth who struggled with alcohol abuse (5.79 times) and intellectual/developmental disabilities (4.83 times) were also more at risk. Youth with indications of poverty were also more likely to crossover (1.93 times). Youth who had caregivers with a history of foster care (5.01 times), or any caregiver risk factor (2.77 times) made academic difficulties more likely. Physical disabilities (55.81 times) and intellectual/developmental disabilities (38 times) increased the chance of academic difficulties. Households who often faced challenges with money for basic necessities increased the likelihood of academic difficulties status (2.29 times). Persons working in this population are recommended to view each risk factor as potentially important for crossover risk and academic difficulties. School psychologists are provided recommendations for diagnosis and risk reduction when working with maltreated children in terms of trauma. Suggestions for future research are discussed.Item Open Access Are We Increasingly Disconnected in an Increasingly Connected World(2020-02-12) Bignell, Sanchia; Nordstokke, David W.; Hindes, Yvonne L.; Mudry, Tanya E.The study explores factors influencing relatedness and loneliness in the context of digital connectivity. These factors include personality traits, time spent connecting face to face, time spent connecting via digital mediums (i.e., phone calls and text messages), time spent connecting via social media, who one is primarily connected with, and the primary reason for connecting. In addition, the research explores whether social media’s relationship with depression is moderated by a sense of relatedness. Seventy undergraduate students (18 to 38 years old) completed online questionnaires. The results indicate that relatedness is positively predicted by personality factors (i.e., agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion) and negatively predicted by time spent using social media. Time spent communicating face-to-face and through digital mediums, as well who individuals connect with and their reason for connecting did not predict or affect relatedness. Who individuals connect with and why they connect did interreact to affect loneliness, even when depression was controlled. Individuals who seek information from their families were the loneliest, while those who sought social companionship with friends at university or sought information from their non-university friends were the least lonely.Item Open Access The Billable Hour and its Impact on Lawyer Subjective Wellbeing and Burnout(2019-09-04) Pasyk, Victoria Summer; Mendaglio, Sal; Domene, José F.; Mudry, Tanya E.Many lawyers experience high workloads, challenging clients, and imposed expectations on the amount they bill, yet purport to have high job satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of billable hours and practices on lawyer subjective wellbeing and burnout. Fifty-six lawyers responded to questions on the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI), and a questionnaire developed by the researcher that examined lawyer job satisfaction, billing practices, and demographic information. ANOVAs and MANOVAs were used to determine whether levels of billing targets or types of billing practices were related to burnout or wellbeing while thematic analysis was utilized to examine job satisfaction. A correlation matrix was also created to examine the relationships between variables. Results demonstrated no statistically significant differences between levels of billing targets and scores on the PWI and CBI, however in comparison to other research studies, levels of burnout were significantly higher in the lawyer population. Burnout scores were also equally high across billing targets and practices. Lawyers had similar scores on the PWI as the Australian public, however rated health and community connectedness substantially lower. Correlations revealed that job satisfaction was significantly correlated with both burnout and wellbeing. Lawyers were also satisfied with their jobs, however thematic analysis suggested that lawyers desire changes in the industry and workplace to make their experience more positive. Results of this study suggest changes need to be made to both the culture of the professions and the milieu of the workplace.Item Open Access Factors Influencing the Experience of Reporting Sexual Violence in Post-Secondary Institutions(2019-09-17) Sander, Christina Lynn; Mudry, Tanya E.; Cairns, Sharon L.; Domene, Jose F.; Nordstokke, David W.The increased risk of sexual violence in post-secondary institutions has been a long-standing issue, and the reporting process has been gaining attention in recent years. Reporting sexual violence is typically the first step in accessing available services; however, approximately 90% of individuals do not report. To gain insight into the reporting process, the current study aimed to explore the factors that influence the experience of reporting sexual violence to a post-secondary institution. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed following the ECIT procedures, which resulted in twelve categories encompassing the most salient factors impacting the participants’ experiences of reporting sexual violence. In addition, information on motivation to participate in the current study, as well as contextual descriptions of participants’ reporting processes were included and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings from this research increase the understanding of factors that both help and challenge the experience of reporting sexual violence.Item Open Access An Interpretative Phenomenological Investigation of the Experiences of Physically Active Women Living in Large Bodies(2019-08-27) Lambert, Angela M.; Russell-Mayhew, Shelly K.; Mudry, Tanya E.; McDonough, Meghan H.; Russell-Mayhew, Shelly K.Weight stigma, the devaluation of individuals perceived to be large-bodied, can be an obstacle to participation in physical activity. Although perceived, internalized, and experienced weight stigma are correlated with physical activity avoidance, many women who live in large bodies are physically active. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, this research explored how six adult women who identified as both large-bodied and physically active understood their lived experiences. The analysis uncovered five superordinate themes central to the participants’ experiences: (1) largeness as a representation of a flaw or failure, (2) distancing from the largeness-as-flaw perspective, (3) patterns of contradictory perspectives, (4) adoption of a (too-) large-body identity, and (5) protective mechanism that mitigate harm. Participants adopted a large-body identity, managed their large-body identity in the context of weight stigma, and understood and navigated between two contradictory ways of viewing body size and physical activity. This research is valuable on two levels. Firstly, it deepened the understanding of the lived experience of physically active women who live in large bodies. Secondly, it explored the identity management of women who saw themselves as physically active and large-bodied. This research offered a number of implications for counselling, medical, and physical activity professions. Professionals should be aware of the complicated relationships clients may have with physical activity and body size. Additionally, short-term mental-health and wellbeing benefits of physical activity may be more effective motivators toward physical-activity identity development in women who identify as large-bodied compared to weight loss.Item Open Access Key Outcomes and Ingredients of an Adolescent Day Treatment Program(2020-04-30) Colvin, Sean Alexander Grey; Domene, José F.; Zwiers, Michael L.; Mudry, Tanya E.The current study evaluated an adolescent day treatment program (ADTP) located in Alberta, Canada. Specifically, this study addressed three primary research questions: (a) Do youth attending the current ADTP experience significant improvements in their mental health following treatment? (b) Is there a significant difference in mental health outcomes for youth attending the current programming offered at the ADTP compared to those who attended the previous program, after controlling for admission severity? and (c) What do youth attending the current ADTP experience as helping, hindering, and missing from their treatment experience? A mixed methods sequential explanatory design was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the program while ascertaining in-depth accounts of youths’ experience of day treatment. Results of the statistical analyses supported both the overall and relative effectiveness of the current programming in terms of significantly reducing problem severity (i.e., HoNOSCA scores). In addition, a qualitative analysis conducted using the Enhanced Critical Incident Technique identified 114 helping and 48 hindering critical incidents (CIs), as well as 14 wish list (WL) items, which were organized into 14 categories. These categories were organized into five distinct yet overlapping elements of effective day treatment for youth: (a) the therapeutic milieu (b) group-facilitated learning, (c) peer-centered growth, (d) a unique school experience, and (e) a graduated discharge. Each of these elements is discussed in relation to their importance, as expressed by youth in the present study, as well as their fit with existing literature. In addition, recommendations for practice stemming from the integration of findings are discussed, including strengthening the therapeutic milieu, capitalizing on peer-centered growth, and continuing to utilize the DBT-skills group and transition phase activities.Item Open Access The Technical Hypothesis of Motivational Interviewing: An Examination of Change Language in Traditional and Computer-based MI for Disordered Gamblers(2019-04-12) Swan, Jennifer L.; Hodgins, David Carson; McGrath, Daniel S.; Currie, Shawn R.; Mudry, Tanya E.; Goldstein, Abby L.Background: Motivational interviewing (MI) has shown promise as a brief treatment for disordered gamblers. The technical hypothesis of MI purports that MI-consistent therapist behaviours result in greater change language on the part of the client, which in turn leads to a more favourable outcome. The present research builds on existing literature examining client change language as the mechanism by which MI promotes behaviour change among disordered gamblers in telephone MIs (Study 1), a web-based MI program (Study 2), and in a controlled, computerized task (Study 3). Method: Transcription and coding of 50 brief MIs with disordered gamblers and path analyses was used to examine the links between therapist and client behaviours and outcome (Study 1). Multiple regression was used to examine 45 transcripts from the web-based program (Study 2). Linear mixed models were used to examine the effect of a brief, controlled, MI-consistent task on 335 participants’ self-reported importance and confidence of gambling-related behaviour change. Results: Results broadly supported previous findings that therapist MI-consistent behaviours were significantly associated with higher rates of both sustain and change language. Commitment language did not significantly predict outcome; however, the relationship between outcome and the proportion of change to sustain language approached significance. For the web-based program, only the negative relationship between participants’ sustain language and outcome approached significance. The controlled task in Study 3 did not significantly affect participant outcome; all conditions reported changes in importance, confidence, and gambling behaviour. Conclusions: Implications for treatment of disordered gambling, web-based treatments, and future research in MI are discussed.Item Open Access Things seemed to fall apart when he was in the room: Survivors' representations of violence, agency, power, and resistance in their online posts(2019-04-18) Loewen, Shannon G.; Cairns, Sharon L.; Mudry, Tanya E.; Radtke, H. LorraineIn this research, I examined the ways in which survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) negotiated, in their online narratives, multiple IPV and gendered discourses to represent the context of men’s violence and to construct their subjectivities. I analyzed 26 online forum posts using Coates, Todd, and Wade’s (2003) interactional and discursive view of violence and resistance and Baxter’s (2003, 2008) feminist post-structuralist discourse analysis. The integrated findings demonstrated that the survivors drew from multiple competing discourses in their constructions of men’s violence and in constituting themselves as women, partners, mothers, and survivors. The results of analysis also identified how dominant IPV and gendered discourses worked intertextually to position survivors in shifting relations of power, to constrain their agency, and to delimit their strategies of resistance. However, the survivors also resisted IPV in meaningful ways. The limitations and the implications of these findings for research and counselling are discussed.Item Open Access What Kind of Teacher Will I Be? Pre-service Teachers’ Hoped-for Future Selves as School Health Champions(2020-07-08) Richardson, Laura Anne; Russell-Mayhew, Shelly K.; Jacobsen, Michele; Mudry, Tanya E.Teachers play a pivotal role implementing and sustaining school health promotion efforts. Currently, Bachelor of Education programs in Canada offer little or no training in student health and wellness. Ideally, teacher preparation programs would include an opportunity for participants to critically engage with health and wellness issues in a reflective manner to assimilate it as part of their professional identity. In the current study, pre-service teachers participated in a professional development opportunity in health and wellness and were then asked to describe their future teacher self and the steps they would take to become the teacher they envisioned. By conducting a thematic analysis of responses, I found that pre-service teachers imagined their future teacher self (a) modelling health and wellness; (b) creating a calm, safe space for students; and (c) teaching and learning about Comprehensive School Health. Pre-service teachers listed steps for attainment that highlighted the need for broader acceptance and administrative support for CSH in school contexts.