Browsing by Author "Murtatha, Asel"

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    The Effect of Leishmania Donovani Cathepsin B on Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 Activation and Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Arginase Activity Inside the Macrophages
    (2016) Murtatha, Asel; Gedamu, Lashitew; Storey, Douglas; Wong, Sui-Lam; Van Marle, Guido
    Leishmania parasites contain high level of cathepsin B and cathepsin L like cysteine proteases. The anti-inflammatory immune response depends mainly on the interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) production. This study elucidated the role of L.donovani cathepsin B on L donovani parasites survival and multiplication. Our data suggest that cathepsin B could play a role in activating latent TGF-β1 in vitro and inside the macrophages. Our data also suggest that L.donovani cathepsin B could facilitate the parasite survival inside the macrophages via inhibiting iNOS and enhancing arginase expression. Exosomes, which are secreted vesicles, are important in cell to cell communication. We found that cathepsin B could be exported through L.donovani exosomes and could also activate TGF-β1 in vitro and inside the macrophages. Moreover, we found that L.donovani exosomes could deactivate macrophages and enhance the parasites survival inside macrophages.