Browsing by Author "Vanderlee, Lana"
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- ItemOpen AccessAre stress-related pathways of social status differentiation more important determinants of health inequities in countries with higher levels of income inequality?(Foundation for the Sociology of Health and Illness [Associate Organisation], Wiley [Commercial Publisher], 2022-03-08) Olstad, Dana Lee; Nejatinamini, Sara; Vanderlee, Lana; Livingstone, Katherine M; Campbell, David J. T.; Tang, Karen; Minaker, Leia M.; Hammond, DavidWe explored socioeconomic gradients in self-rated overall health (SROH) using indicators of materialist (educational attainment and perceived income adequacy) and psychosocial perspectives (subjective social status (SSS)) among adults living in countries with varying levels of income inequality, and the importance of psychosocial stress in mediating these associations. If psychosocial processes at the individual and societal levels correspond, associations between SSS and SROH should be higher among adults in countries with higher income inequality, and psychosocial stress should be a more important mediator of these associations. We used multigroup structural equation models to analyse cross-sectional data from the International Food Policy Study of adults (n = 22,824) in Australia, Canada, Mexico, the UK and the United States. Associations between SSS and SROH were not higher in more unequal countries, nor was psychosocial stress a more important mediator of these associations. Inequities in SROH in more unequal countries may not predominantly reflect stress-related pathways of social status differentiation.
- ItemOpen AccessFood environment research in Canada: a rapid review of methodologies and measures deployed between 2010 and 2021(2024-02-19) Vaillancourt, Caroline; Ahmed, Mavra; Kirk, Sara; Labonté, Marie-Ève; Laar, Amos; Mah, Catherine L.; Minaker, Leia; Olstad, Dana L.; Potvin Kent, Monique; Provencher, Véronique; Prowse, Rachel; Raine, Kim D.; Schram, Ashley; Zavala-Mora, Daniela; Rancourt-Bouchard, Maryka; Vanderlee, LanaAbstract Numerous research methodologies have been used to examine food environments. Existing reviews synthesizing food environment measures have examined a limited number of domains or settings and none have specifically targeted Canada. This rapid review aimed to 1) map research methodologies and measures that have been used to assess food environments; 2) examine what food environment dimensions and equity related-factors have been assessed; and 3) identify research gaps and priorities to guide future research. A systematic search of primary articles evaluating the Canadian food environment in a real-world setting was conducted. Publications in English or French published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1 2010 and June 17 2021 and indexed in Web of Science, CAB Abstracts and Ovid MEDLINE were considered. The search strategy adapted an internationally-adopted food environment monitoring framework covering 7 domains (Food Marketing; Labelling; Prices; Provision; Composition; Retail; and Trade and Investment). The final sample included 220 articles. Overall, Trade and Investment (1%, n = 2), Labelling (7%, n = 15) and, to a lesser extent, Prices (14%, n = 30) were the least studied domains in Canada. Among Provision articles, healthcare (2%, n = 1) settings were underrepresented compared to school (67%, n = 28) and recreation and sport (24%, n = 10) settings, as was the food service industry (14%, n = 6) compared to grocery stores (86%, n = 36) in the Composition domain. The study identified a vast selection of measures employed in Canada overall and within single domains. Equity-related factors were only examined in half of articles (n = 108), mostly related to Retail (n = 81). A number of gaps remain that prevent a holistic and systems-level analysis of food environments in Canada. As Canada continues to implement policies to improve the quality of food environments in order to improve dietary patterns, targeted research to address identified gaps and harmonize methods across studies will help evaluate policy impact over time.
- ItemOpen AccessStress-Related Poor Diet Quality Does Not Explain Socioeconomic Inequities in Health: A Structural Equation Mediation Analysis of Gender-Specific Pathways(Elsevier, 2021-10-07) Olstad, Dana Lee; Nejatinamini, Sara; Kirkpatrick, Sharon I; Vanderlee, Lana; Livingstone, Katherine M; Campbell, David J T; Tang, Karen; Minaker, Leia M; Hammond, DavidPsychosocial stress and diet quality individually mediate associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and health; however, it is not known whether they jointly mediate these associations. This is an important question because stress-related unhealthy eating is often invoked as an explanation for diet-related health inequities, particularly among women, seemingly with no empirical justification. Objective: This study examined whether psychosocial stress and diet quality jointly mediated associations between SEP and self-rated health in women and men. Design: Multiple mediating pathways were modeled using data from the cross-sectional International Food Policy Study. Participants and setting: Data were collected from 5,645 adults (aged 18 years or older) in Canada during 2018 and 2019. Main outcome measures: Participants reported SEP using indicators of materialist (educational attainment and perceived income adequacy) and psychosocial pathways (subjective social status), along with psychosocial stress, dietary intake (to assess overall diet quality via Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores), and self-rated health. Statistical analyses performed: Structural equation modeling modeled pathways linking SEP (ie, educational attainment, perceived income adequacy, and subjective social status) with self-rated health mediated by psychosocial stress and diet quality, stratified by gender. Results: There was no evidence that psychosocial stress and diet quality jointly mediated associations between SEP and self-rated health in women or men. Diet quality mediated associations between educational attainment and self-rated health in women and men, with some evidence that it mediated associations between subjective social status and self-rated health in men (P = 0.051). Psychosocial stress mediated associations between perceived income adequacy and self-rated health in women and men, and between subjective social status and self-rated health in women. Conclusions: Although often invoked as an explanation for diet-related health inequities, stress-related poor diet quality did not mediate associations between SEP and self-rated health in women or men. Psychosocial stress and diet quality individually mediated some of these associations, with some differences by gender.