Browsing by Author "Walker, Gordon J."

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    Effects of willingness, constraints, and constraint negotiation on casino gambling
    (Alberta Gambling Research Institute, 2012-10) Walker, Gordon J.
    The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, behavioral willingness, leisure constraint, and constraint negotiation, on casino gambling.
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    Ethnicity, Gender, and the Theory of Planned Behavior: The Case of Playing the Lottery
    (National Recreation & Park Association, 2006) Walker, Gordon J.; Courneya, Kerry S.; Deng, Jinyang
    This study uses the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain why some people play the lottery, and it examines how the TPB’s variables and variable relationships differ due to ethnicity, or gender, or their interaction. A telephone interview conducted in English, Cantonese, and Mandarin resulted in data on the lottery play intentions of 208 Chinese/Canadians (97 males, 111 females) and 220 British/Canadians (112 males, 108 females). When intention to play the lottery was regressed on six TPB variables, it was found that: (a) affective attitude was an important predictor for all four groups, while instrumental attitude was only important for British/Canadian males; (b) injunctive norm was an important predictor only for Chinese/Canadian males, while descriptive norm was an important predictor only for British/Canadian males; (c) controllability was an important predictor only for Chinese/Canadian females, with a negative coefficient suggesting secondary control; and (d) self-efficacy was not an important predictor for any of the groups. A follow-up mail questionnaire provided additional data on the self-reported lottery play behavior of 100 Chinese/Canadians (51 males, 49 females) and 115 British/Canadians (57 males, 58 females) 30 days after the initial telephone interview was conducted. When lottery play behavior was regressed on self-efficacy, controllability, and intention, intention was found to be an important predictor for all four groups. These findings are discussed in light of recent research on the TPB, leisure and gambling, and ethnicity and gender.
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    Incorporating leisure constraints theory into Hagger’s et al. (2006) multi-theory framework: The roles of anticipated constraint and anticipated constraint negotiation
    (Middlesex University Dubai, 2011) Walker, Gordon J.
    The purpose of this study was to examine how two leisure constraints theory elements could be incorporated in Hagger's et al. (2006) synthesis of self-determination theory and the theory of planned behaviour. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted where intention to casino gamble during the next six months was regressed on: first, relative autonomy; second, attitudes, subjective norm, and personal control, and third, anticipated constraints and anticipated constraint negotiation. Results suggest that inclusion of anticipated constraint negotiation significantly improved the regression model's predictive ability. Findings are discussed in regard to both "theory shyness" and "theory boldness".
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    Inter- and Intra-Gender Similarities and Differences in Motivations for Casino Gambling
    (Taylor & Francis, 2005-03) Walker, Gordon J.; Hinch, Thomas D.; Weighill, A. J.
    The two objectives of this study were to examine if motivations for casino gambling vary by gender and, based on motivations for casino gambling, to ascertain different types of male and female gamblers. To accomplish these objectives, five casino motivation scales were developed. Nine hundred male and female casino patrons living in two major Canadian metropolitan areas completed a telephone questionnaire. Male study participants rated risk-taking/gambling as a rush and learning/cognitive self-classification as being more important than did female participants. Two types of male casino gamblers existed: men who gave primacy to risk-taking/gambling as a rush and emotional self-classification, and men who gave primacy to communing. Three types of female casino gamblers existed: women who gave primacy to emotional self-classification and escaping everyday problems, women who gave primacy to communing and emotional self-classification, and women who gave primacy to communing alone. Gender theory was used to explain these findings, and study limitations and future research recommendations were also discussed.
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    Leisure, acculturative stress, and immigrants' subjective well-being
    (National Recreation and Park Association, 2009-10) Walker, Gordon J.; Deng, Jinyang; Spiers, Andrew
    The purpose of this study is to examine how Chinese/Canadian immigrants’ subjective well-being is affected by three factors: leisure participation, leisure satisfaction, and acculturative stress.