Restricted Theses and Dissertations
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Browsing Restricted Theses and Dissertations by Department "Chemical and Petroleum Engineering"
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Item Embargo A comparison of a forward in situ combustion correlation with results of a simulator(1982) Diaz, Noe Damian; Aziz, KhalidItem Embargo A computational procedure for simulating crude towers(1985) Zibdawi, Mohamad A. (Mohamad Ahmad), 1958-; Bishnoi, Prithwi R.Item Embargo A kinetic study of gas hydrates(1981) Ourfali, Mounir; Bishnoi, Prithwi R.Item Embargo A Kinetic study of methane hydrate decomposition(1985) Kim, Hyo Chee; Bishnoi, Prithwi R.Gas hydrates are examples of a group of molecular compounds known as clathrates. Clathrates are characterized by nonstoichiometric compound with hydrogen bonds. Gas hydrates are formed when the gas is enclosed in the cavities of water molecules. There have been some basic studies in the kinetics of formation for simple and mixed hydrates of some major components of natural gas. However, no study has been reported on the kinetics of hydrate decomposition. The primary objective of this study was to obtain experimental data and to formulate a model to describe the kinetics of decomposition of methane gas hydrates. The experiments were designed to collect kinetic data and experiments were conducted under isothermal and isobaric conditions. Experiments were performed at temperatures ranging from 273 to 283 K, and pressures ranging from 1.93 to 6.97 MPa. The experimental results indicate that the reaction rate of the decomposition of the methane gas hydrate is function of the reaction temperature, pressures, and the amount of methane remaining in the hydrate. The proposed model reveals that the rate of reaction is dependent on the surface area available on the hydrate particles and also that the order of reaction is two-thirds with respect to the moles of methane in the hydrate.Item Embargo A kinetic study of methane hydrate formation(1980) Vysniauskas, Anthony; Bishnoi, Prithwi R.Gas hydrates are crystalline compounds of gas and water molecules which are thermodynamically stable at elevated pressures and low temperatures. Their formation is the result of the hydrogen bonding properties of water molecules combined with the van der Waals forces of interaction between "guest" solute and "host" water molecules. Interests in gas hydrates, in the past, were focused mainly on establishing the thermodynamic conditions for their formation with very little attention being given to the kinetics of their formation. In the present investigation, the kinetics of methane hydrate formation are studied using a semibatch stirred tank reactor. The temperatures studied in the experiments are 274.2, 276.5, 278.7, 281.0, and 284.0 Kover a pressure ranging from 3 MPa to 10 MPa. The results reveal that the formation kinetics are a function of the surface area of the gas-water interface, temperature, pressure and degree of supercooling. A plausible mechanism describing the formation of gas hydrates is proposed. The controlling mechanism is suggested to involve the interaction of molecules of water monomers with the parent water cluster and the hydrate forming gas molecules. On the basis of the proposed mechanism, a semi-empirical reaction rate model is formulated and correlated with respect to the obtained experimental data. The resultant expression shows a good fit with the data over the entire range studied. The form of the rate expression is anticipated to apply for other gas hydrates as well.Item Embargo A Modified "inside-out" algorithm for simulation of multistage multicomponent separation processes using the UNIFAC group-contribution method(1985) Saeger, Roland B. (Roland Bernard), 1961-; Bishnoi, Prithwi R.A computational procedure using Boston and Sullivan's "insideout" multistage multicomponent separation algorithm is proposed and implemented in this thesis. The multicomponent systems simulated with this computational procedure were polar systems in which the activity coefficients were calculated using the UNIQUAC model with parameters obtained from the UNIFAC group-contribution method. To improve convergence for multicomponent systems of this type, the "inside-out" procedure was modified by incorporating a local two-parameter liquid-phase compositional-dependence model within the component material balance calculations. The proposed algorithm was implemented in a FORTRAN 77 program and executed on the Honeywell DPS 8/70M computer at the University of Calgary. This program was tested for a wide variety of nonideal systems. The separation process units simulated were distillation columns (including azeotropic and extractive cases), absorption columns and reboiled absorption columns. In general, inclusion of the liquid-phase model resulted in improved convergence for systems in which the original Boston-and- Sullivan method failed to converge.Item Embargo A Preliminary investigation of carbon dioxide generation from carbonate rock - organic acid reactions(1984) Jaffer, Taslim M. R., 1956-; Moore, R. GordonItem Embargo An atmospheric pressure direct contact steam generator(1983) Sarkar, Shankar; Mohtadi, M. FarhangItem Embargo An Experimental study of instability and viscous fingering in porous medium(1983) Sarma, Hemanta Kumar, 1956-; Sigmund, Philip M.Low recovery and inefficient sweep due to premature breakthrough of the displacing fluid at the producing well during displacement - miscible or immiscible, have long been recognized as the major problem areas for any enhanced oil recovery project involving fluid-fluid displacement techniques. This study presents an experimental investigation of the phenomena of instability and viscous fingering in fluid-fluid displacements in a porous medium as a function of viscosity ratio between the displaced and displacing fluids displacement rates at which the displacing fluid is being injected to the porous medium and interfacial tension between the displaced and displacing fluids. Studies have been carried out both for miscible and immiscible displacements in imbibition and drainage directions. Also studied was the miscible displacement of the non-wetting phase in the presence of high wetting phase saturation. Interpretation of the experimental findings in terms of the linear stability theory are presented. Photographic details of a representative set of runs are also presented to highlight the qualitative aspects exhibited by the fingers under different experimental conditions.Item Embargo An Objective approach to coke combustion parameter estimation(1983) Thomas, F. Brent (Forast Brent), 1955-; Moore, R. GordonItem Embargo Analysis of parameters influencing steam injection rate in simulators(1982) Yuen, Bevan Bun Wo; Aziz, KhalidItem Embargo Calculation of Joule-Thomson inversion curves and isenthalps from equations of state(1984) Dilay, Gary W. (Gary William), 1958-; Heidemann, Robert A.Item Embargo Convergence behaviour of single stage flash calculations(1985) Rijkers, M. P. W. (Marinus Petrus Wilhelmus), 1960-; Heidemann, Robert A.In this dissertation the convergence behaviour of single stage phase split calculations is investigated to determine which factors cause a flash routine (1) to converge to the trivial solution and (2) to converge very slowly or not at all. For four different mixtures, approximately 50,000 independent flash calculations were executed at variable temperatures, pressures and initial guesses for the phase distribution coefficients. For all four mixtures, the conventional successive substitution algorithm as described by Null (1970) was implemented. For one mixture the calculations were repeated using an accelerated version of the successive substitution algorithm proposed by Mehra et al (1983). At low pressures, convergence to a correct solution can readily be achieved by applying Raoult's law initial guesses, independent of the temperature and the algorithm used to converge the flash calculation, at least for the mixtures studied here. At pressures above the mixture critical pressure the trivial solution was encountered only rarely with Raoult's law initial guesses when the conventional successive substitution method was used. If an accelerated method was used, however, no trivial solutions occured. In order to test the speed of convergence and the computational efficiency of flash calculations, a large number of flash calculations were performed within the two-phase region of a 7 component mixture. Three different but related first order methods and one second order method (Newton-Raphson iteration) were used to solve flash calculations throughout the two-phase region, starting with a Raoult's law initial guess. Both in the low and high pressure regions points of slow convergence were observed. At low pressures, retardation in the speed of convergence was caused by the appearance of trivial roots in the Peng-Robinson equation of state. At high pressures slow convergence was apparently related to the nature of the free energy surface. In terms of computational efficiency the accelerated methods performed best. The Newton- Raphson method exhibited numerical problems in the critical and isobaric regions, which resulted in occurences of the trivial solution and convergence failures. Convergence problems also occured when poor guesses were provided for the phase distribution coefficients. In some cases an oscillatory behaviour of the iteration variables between the correct solution and the trivial solution was observed.Item Embargo Demulsification of heavy oil emulsions in a thin film evaporator(1985) Henley, Robert Dean, 1961-; Moore, R. GordonItem Embargo Development of a continuous catalytic process for recovery of sulfur from gas containing low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide(1985) Ghosh, Tushar Kanti, 1959-; Tollefson, Eric L.Item Embargo Development of a direct contact steam generator(1983) Kulkarni, Tammaji, G., 1947-; Mohtadi, M. FarhangItem Embargo Development of a novel direct contact heat transfer system for carrying out combustion in a flowing stream of water(1983) Rao, Dandina Nagaraja, 1951-; Mohtadi, M. FarhangItem Embargo Development of penetrative convection in water superposed with boiling n-butane(1985) Wozniak, Wladyslaw, 1948-; Jeje, Ayodeji A.Item Embargo Gas-free and gas-saturated bitumen viscosity prediction using the extended principle of corresponding states(1985) Johnson, Susan Elizabeth, 1961-; Mehrotra, Anil KumarItem Embargo Gas-liquid flow in upwards inclined pipe with zero net liquid production(1982) Singh, Balbir, 1958-; Gregory, Garry A.
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