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Ubiquity of ClNO2 in the urban boundary layer of Calgary, AB, Canada

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Author
Mielke, Levi H.
Furgeson, Amanda
Odame-Ankrah, Charles A.
Osthoff, Hans D.
Accessioned
2017-05-31T16:54:06Z
Available
2017-05-31T16:54:06Z
Issued
2015-12-17
Subject
Nitryl chloride
urban boundary layer
seasonal dependence
chlorine activation
Type
journal article
Metadata
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Abstract
The role of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) as a nocturnal nitrogen oxide reservoir species and chlorine atom precursor is well established for polluted coastal areas, but its role at mid-continental locations is less clear. In this manuscript, intermittent measurements over the course of several seasons of ClNO2 mixing ratios by iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) in Calgary, AB, Canada, are presented. Mixing ratios were highly variable between nights and seasons and depended on the abundances of precursors and meteorological conditions. The lowest ClNO2 mixing ratios (nocturnal maximum of 30 parts-per-trillion by volume, pptv) were observed in the summer, rationalized by losses of the nitrate radical (NO3) that were more efficient than in the other months. Higher ClNO2 mixing ratios (up to 330 pptv) were observed in the winter and spring months, but varied between nights. In the fall, ClNO2 mixing ratios increased from night to night following the application of salt to roads. The ClNO2 yield relative to the amount of NO3 produced from oxidation of NO2 by O3 ranged from 0.1% to 4.5% (10th and 90th percentiles; median 1.0%). The ClNO2 yield relative to consumed N2O5 consumed by heterogeneous reactions was estimated using a time-integrated box model and ranged from 0.5% to 12.1% (10th and 90th percentiles; median 3.4%). The ubiquity of ClNO2 implies that the Cl atom needs to be considered as an oxidant in high-latitude urban environments in winter.
Grantingagency
NSERC - Tri-Agency Open Access Policy
Refereed
Yes
Sponsorship
This work was made possible through financial support by the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) in the form of Discovery and Research Tools and Instruments (RTI) grants, by an Alberta Ingenuity New Faculty Award, and the University of Calgary via startup funding. Amanda Furgeson acknowledges a NSERC Alexander Graham Bell postgraduate scholarship
Citation
Mielke, L. H., A. Furgeson, C. A. Odame-Ankrah, and H. D. Osthoff (2016), Ubiquity of ClNO2 in the nocturnal boundary layer of Calgary, AB, Canada, Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 94(4), 414-423, doi:10.1139/cjc-2015-0426.
Corporate
University of Calgary
Department
Chemistry
Faculty
Science
Institution
University of Calgary
Url
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/
Publisher
NRC Research Press (Canadian Science Publishing)
Doi
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2015-0426
http://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/35405
Uri
http://hdl.handle.net/1880/51994
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