Dietary Manipulation at Pre-Conception and During Development Influence Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Rats

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dc.contributor.advisorReimer, Raylene
dc.contributor.authorChleilat, Fatima
dc.contributor.committeememberShearer, Jane
dc.contributor.committeememberArrieta, Marie-Claire
dc.dateWinter Conferral
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-11T00:31:15Z
dc.date.embargolift2023-02-22
dc.date.issued2021-02-01
dc.description.abstractBackground. Obesity is a complex disease, modulated by a plethora of factors, including gut microbiota, early post-natal nutrition, parental diet and epigenetics. Objective. This dissertation examines how dietary manipulation during the early post-natal period and during pre-conception alters metabolic, microbial and epigenetic outcomes in rats. Specifically, the objectives were to determine: 1) the impact of human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) supplementation on health status in weanling rats; 2) the impact of a paternal high protein (HP) diet on offspring metabolic health; 3) whether supplementation of a methyl donor cocktail (HF/S+M) before conception attenuates the deleterious metabolic and epigenetic effects of a paternal high fat/ sucrose diet intergenerationally; 4) the impact of paternal prebiotic consumption on microbial and metabolic outcomes in fathers and offspring. Methods. 1) Weanling male and female rats consumed 2’Fucosyllactose and 3’Sialylactose HMO-fortified diet for 8 weeks. Fathers consumed 2) a diet high in protein, 3) a high fat/ sucrose diet fortified with a methyl donor cocktail of betaine, choline, folic acid and vitamin B12, or 4) a high prebiotic fiber diet. All three paternal studies underwent their dietary intervention for 9 weeks. Offspring consumed a control diet for 13 weeks. Anthropometric, glucocentric and gut microbiota outcomes were measured in all four studies. Results. The primary findings include: HMO supplementation improved intestinal permeability, gut barrier function, and gut microbial composition in females while reducing weight gain and inflammatory cytokines in males; 2) Paternal HP diet reduced adiposity and altered epigenetic markers intergenerationally. Offspring had improved insulin sensitivity; 3) Paternal HF/S+M intake improved paternal reproductive outcomes and intergenerational gut microbial, epigenetic and metabolic outcomes; 4) Paternal prebiotic intake improved paternal gut microbiota with lesser effects in offspring. Conclusion. Our results provide evidence of early post-natal HMO supplementation and paternal HP, HF/S+M and prebiotic intake, as important modulators of gut microbial, epigenetic and metabolic outcomes.
dc.identifier.citationChleilat, F. (2021). Dietary Manipulation at Pre-Conception and During Development Influence Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Rats (Doctoral thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca.
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1880/115827
dc.identifier.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/40721
dc.language.isoenen
dc.language.isoEnglish
dc.publisher.facultyGraduate Studiesen
dc.publisher.facultyKinesiology
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Calgaryen
dc.rightsUniversity of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.en
dc.subjectNutrition
dc.subjectGenetics
dc.subjectMetabolism
dc.subjectGut Microbiota
dc.subjectEpigenetics
dc.subjectObesity
dc.subjectHuman Milk Oligosaccharides
dc.subjectPaternal Programming
dc.subject.classificationBiological Sciences
dc.titleDietary Manipulation at Pre-Conception and During Development Influence Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Rats
dc.typedoctoral thesis
thesis.degree.disciplineKinesiology
thesis.degree.grantorUniversity of Calgaryen
thesis.degree.grantorUniversity of Calgary
thesis.degree.nameDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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