The Role of Avifauna in Paleodiet Reconstruction : An Arctic Case Study

Edwards, Tu-Kim

The Role of Avifauna in Paleodiet Reconstruction : An Arctic Case Study

dc.contributor.advisor	Katzenberg, Mary Anne
dc.contributor.author	Edwards, Tu-Kim
dc.contributor.committeemember	Dawson, Peter C.
dc.contributor.committeemember	Wilson, Warren M.
dc.contributor.committeemember	Walls, Matthew D.
dc.contributor.committeemember	Darwent, Christyann Marie
dc.date	2018-11
dc.date.accessioned	2018-09-27T20:36:43Z
dc.date.available	2018-09-27T20:36:43Z
dc.date.issued	2018-09-19
dc.description.abstract	This thesis explores the importance of birds in paleodietary reconstruction based on stable isotope analysis, using faunal remains from Arctic contexts as a case study. In the Arctic, migratory birds and their eggs have been important seasonal resources for hunter-gatherer populations, and while evidence of their utilization in the faunal record is apparent, their use is less clear from the isotopic record. Zooarchaeological analysis was carried out on a large sample of bird remains from Pre-Dorset and Dorset sites located on the Knud Peninsula of Ellesmere Island to assess bird hunting and processing amongst Paleo-Inuit groups. A subset of these archaeological bird remains were analyzed to determine the variation in avian isotopic signatures which was expected to differ from terrestrial and sea mammal isotopic signatures. An experimental study was carried out to test the assumption that the spacing between avian tissues (bone collagen, muscle, fat, and feathers) differs from tissue spacings in mammals. Linear mixing models were then used to estimate diet based on new tissue spacing data and isotope data from archaeological bird bone collagen. These results were compared to previous studies of Arctic paleodiet. Zooarchaeological analysis of the avifaunal remains suggests that Pre-Dorset and Dorset groups on the Knud Peninsula preferentially hunted eider ducks, and birds were heavily processed for human consumption. Bird bones were also used in tool production. Stable isotope analysis of various tissues from ducks fed a controlled diet indicates that avian tissue spacings differ from those of mammals by up to 2‰, especially for stable carbon isotopes. Results from the stable isotope analysis of archaeological avifaunal samples demonstrate that birds have variable isotopic signatures that reflect dietary preferences, migratory routes, and reproductive strategies. Finally, the inclusion of avian-specific tissue spacing values and isotopic signatures for birds and their eggs in linear mixing models for Arctic hunter-gatherers demonstrates that birds and their eggs can be detected isotopically and that these additions can alter our interpretations of the role of birds and eggs in human paleodiet.	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Edwards, T. (2018). The Role of Avifauna in Paleodiet Reconstruction: An Arctic Case Study (Doctoral thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca. doi:10.11575/PRISM/33052	en_US
dc.identifier.doi	http://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/33052
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/1880/108699
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher.faculty	Arts
dc.publisher.faculty	Graduate Studies
dc.publisher.institution	University of Calgary	en
dc.publisher.place	Calgary	en
dc.rights	University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.
dc.subject	avifauna
dc.subject	Archaeology
dc.subject	stable isotope analysis
dc.subject	paleodiet
dc.subject	biological anthropology
dc.subject	Paleo-Inuit
dc.subject.classification	Archaeology	en_US
dc.title	The Role of Avifauna in Paleodiet Reconstruction : An Arctic Case Study
dc.type	doctoral thesis
thesis.degree.discipline	Archaeology
thesis.degree.grantor	University of Calgary
thesis.degree.name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
ucalgary.item.requestcopy	true