Pollination is a highly uncertain and variable process, and insufficient pollination commonly limits seed production and siring success by flowering plants. Due to this unpredictability, plants, particularly those with annual or otherwise semelparous life-histories, could benefit from phenotypic plasticity in their reproductive growth and function that enhances the overall likelihood of pollination and provides some compensation for pollen limitation. To test this hypothesis, three hand-pollination experiments were conducted using a rapid-cycling variety of Brassica rapa to determine whether limited pollination stimulated plastic responses that could increase seed production relative to the fecundity that would be realized in the absence of plasticity. Plants on which a limited fraction of flowers had been pollinated exhibited many differences from well-pollinated plants. Compared to well-pollinated plants, pollination of 25% of a plant’s flowers reduced fruit production, indicating pollen limitation. In contrast, fruit number did not vary with pollination if at least 50% of flowers were pollinated, indicating resource limitation. In response to pollen limitation, poorly pollinated plants produced more flowers than well-pollinated plants, which should increase their overall pollination success. Neither pollen number per flower on terminal racemes nor its siring ability varied with pollination success. However, plants with few developing fruits produced more ovules in distal flowers of their axillary racemes and more seeds per distal fruit on all racemes compared to plants with many developing fruits. Pollen-limited plants with relatively few seeds overall produced larger seeds, which should enhance seed germination and seedling establishment. Overall, pollen-limited plants also opened fewer flowers per day, extending their total flowering period and exposure to pollinators. Nevertheless, pollen-limited plants opened more flowers per day during late flowering, which increased the number of flowers displayed simultaneously and should enhance pollinator attraction. These results indicate that, rather than being helpless against pollen limitation, plasticity of reproductive characteristics allows annual plants to compensate, at least partially, for low per-flower pollination probability.