Development and Assessment of a Seismic Waveform Capturing System using Precise Point Positioning with High-rate GNSS Observation
Date
2021-01-20
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Abstract
It is of great significance to build a system for earthquake early warning (EEW) and rapid hazard assessment based on real-time seismic waveform capturing. A top-rated geodetic monitoring tool that is the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) has been widely used to perform such a task. First, the relative GNSS positioning methodology of the real-time kinematics (RTK) provides high-accuracy trajectory estimations while it has weaknesses such as the influence of base station vibrations. Second, the absolute positioning technique of precise point positioning (PPP) is more suitable for earthquake scenarios, while it relies on accurate satellite products such as orbit and clock corrections. Although real-time free-access correction service is available, it remains unclear whether PPP's performance meets an earthquake capturing system's requirements. On the other hand, most current GNSS-based earthquake capturing systems provide temporal resolution of no greater than 10Hz, limiting the earthquake recording performance, especially for high-frequency seismic wave components up to 100Hz. Moreover, GNSS monitoring stations usually require a high budget for purchase and maintenance. However, the recently modernized GNSS constellations and the creation of cost-effective, high-performance GNSS receivers that are still evolving have created the potential for an affordable and accurate GNSS solution that can be used for seismic waveform capturing. In this thesis, a real-time earthquake capturing system is developed based on PPP with ambiguity resolution (PPPAR) using real-time correction service. As is designed, the system can support the processing of high-rate multi-frequency multi-constellation GNSS observations with sampling rate up to 100Hz. The high sampling rate allows for the extraction of high-frequency seismic wave components, which is important for earthquake detection and rapid assessment. The performance of the developed system has been assessed based on a simulation earthquake experiment with a cost-effective 100Hz GNSS receiver. The performance assessment includes the trajectory estimation accuracy, waveform property accuracy, and the sampling rate's impact. The analysis showed that the system software and algorithm are efficient and fully operational, while centimeter-level accuracy for the trajectory and waveform property is continuously achieved. Furthermore, a real-time earthquake capturing system with a higher sampling rate of GNSS observations can provide more accurate results.
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Keywords
earthquake early warning (EEW), seismic waveform capturing, real-time precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution (PPPAR), multi-GNSS, cost-effective GNSS
Citation
Jiang, Y. (2021). Development and Assessment of a Seismic Waveform Capturing System using Precise Point Positioning with High-rate GNSS Observation (Master's thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca.