Dietary Protein and Prebiotic Fiber Improve Energy Balance and Metabolic Health

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dc.contributor.advisorChelikani, Prasanth K.
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Arashdeep
dc.contributor.committeememberBorgland, Stephanie Laureen
dc.contributor.committeememberBanse, Heidi E.
dc.contributor.committeememberKnight, Cameron
dc.contributor.committeememberThompson, Jennifer A.
dc.contributor.committeememberMoran, Timothy
dc.date2018-11
dc.date.accessioned2018-09-05T13:52:04Z
dc.date.available2018-09-05T13:52:04Z
dc.date.issued2018-08-28
dc.description.abstractBackground: Obesity and metabolic syndrome are highly complex disease states and still needs effective treatment and prevention strategies. Growing evidence suggests that dietary milk proteins and prebiotics plays a role in preventing metabolic disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Objective: This dissertation examines how dietary milk proteins and prebiotics (inulin fiber) affect energy balance, host physiology, and gut microbiota to affect metabolic health. The overall objectives of this thesis include: 1) assess the effects of milk protein components on energy balance and stroke onset in stroke-prone rats; 2) determine the role of prebiotics and gut microbiota in regulation of energy balance in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats; 3) assess the combined effects of milk protein components and prebiotic on energy balance in obese rats. Methods: Animal studies were conducted using male wistar-kyoto, spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone, sprague-dawley (SD), obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant(OR) rats. Energy intake, meal patterns, respiratory quotient, and energy expenditure were measured using CLAMS metabolic chambers. Body composition was measured with magnetic resonance imaging. Intraperitoneal glucose and meal tolerance tests were conducted to measure glucose and plasma hormone concentrations. Gut microbiota was assessed using qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Gene mRNA abundance was measured using real-time RT-PCR. Results: The primary findings from our study objectives were: 1) supplementation of dietary casein, whey, or its components lactalbumin and lactoferrin, improved energy balance, prevented neurological deficits, morbidity and renal damage and delayed the onset of stroke in stroke-prone rats; 2) gut microbiota play an indispensable role in mediating prebiotic fiber-induced satiety via its effects on cholecystokinin-A and peptide YY Y-2 receptor signaling in high-fat-fed SD, OP, and OR rats; 3) combination of lactoferrin and inulin additively improved energy balance and decreased body weight and adiposity in diet-induced obese rats. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence for the role of milk protein components and prebiotics in improving metabolic dysfunctions in obesity and metabolic syndrome. The findings from our preclinical studies provide a rationale for clinical trials assessing the effects of milk protein components and prebiotics in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related metabolic abnormalities.en_US
dc.identifier.citationSingh, A. (2018). Dietary Protein and Prebiotic Fiber Improve Energy Balance and Metabolic Health (Doctoral thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca. doi:10.11575/PRISM/32874en_US
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/32874
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1880/107696
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisher.facultyGraduate Studies
dc.publisher.facultyVeterinary Medicine
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Calgaryen
dc.publisher.placeCalgaryen
dc.rightsUniversity of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.
dc.subjectenergy balance
dc.subjectmetabolism
dc.subjectGut microbiota
dc.subjectPrebiotics
dc.subjectmilk proteins
dc.subjectgut hormones
dc.subjectObesity
dc.subjectStroke
dc.subjectHypertension
dc.subjectlactoferrin
dc.subjectinulin
dc.subjectwhey protein isolate
dc.subjectmetabolic syndrome
dc.subjectBody Composition
dc.subject.classificationAnimal Physiologyen_US
dc.subject.classificationMicrobiologyen_US
dc.subject.classificationBiology--Molecularen_US
dc.subject.classificationPhysiologyen_US
dc.subject.classificationNutritionen_US
dc.subject.classificationBiochemistryen_US
dc.subject.classificationPsychology--Behavioralen_US
dc.titleDietary Protein and Prebiotic Fiber Improve Energy Balance and Metabolic Health
dc.typedoctoral thesis
thesis.degree.grantorUniversity of Calgary
thesis.degree.nameDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
ucalgary.item.requestcopytrue
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