Municipal Wastewater Effluent and Stormwater impacts the acute stress-induced Metabolic Rate and  Plasma Metabolome in Rainbow Trout

Young, Graham Patrick Murray

Municipal Wastewater Effluent and Stormwater impacts the acute stress-induced Metabolic Rate and Plasma Metabolome in Rainbow Trout

dc.contributor.advisor	Vijayan, Matt (Mathilakath)
dc.contributor.author	Young, Graham Patrick Murray
dc.contributor.committeemember	Munkittrick, Kelly Roland
dc.contributor.committeemember	Syme, Douglas A.
dc.date	2023-11
dc.date.accessioned	2023-10-06T19:49:02Z
dc.date.available	2023-10-06T19:49:02Z
dc.date.issued	2023-09-22
dc.description.abstract	Municipal wastewater effluent (MWWE) and urban runoff (stormwater) are complex contaminant mixtures that have the potential to impact aquatic biota including fish. Stormwater consists of compounds such as herbicides, pesticides, nutrients, metals, hydrocarbons, and emerging contaminants that wash off surfaces within urban catchments and into aquatic environments, while MWWE often includes nutrients and pharmaceuticals that can be resistant to current treatment methods. Previous studies have identified obesogenic and reproductive effects on wild fish populations within the Bow River, however the influence of these effects on stress performance, swimming ability, and energy metabolism have received less attention. The objective of this thesis was to use a metabolomic approach to investigate whether metabolic costs associated with MWWE and stormwater exposure altered stress response, swimming ability, and metabolic rate of an economically important sportfish, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), in the Bow River as it flows through Calgary, Alberta. We hypothesized that metabolic costs for detoxification would reduce the ability of rainbow trout to cope with an acute secondary stressor (Chapter 2), and that these costs would also reduce swimming ability and energy availability during a strenuous swim performance test (Chapter 3). Our findings indicate that cortisol release following activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis by an acute 1-min air exposure stressor was maintained following in vivo MWWE and stormwater exposure. Plasma metabolomics analysis identified metabolic disruptions that were amplified during stress response resulting in a distinct plasma metabolome response after exposure to MWWE. Metabolite concentrations and activities of pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase suggest an increased glycolytic capacity and more reliance on anaerobic metabolism following MWWE and stormwater exposure. The maximum metabolic rate (MMR) measured during a ramp swim velocity test was reduced in fish exposed to MWWE and stormwater, and this contributed to a reduced metabolic scope in fish exposed to MWWE. Our results suggest that metabolic disruption caused by MWWE and stormwater reduces energy availability for energy demanding activities such as predator avoidance and migration.
dc.identifier.citation	Young, G. P. M. (2023). Municipal wastewater effluent and stormwater impacts the acute stress-induced metabolic rate and plasma metabolome in rainbow trout (Master's thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca.
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/1880/117332
dc.language.iso	en
dc.publisher.faculty	Graduate Studies
dc.publisher.institution	University of Calgary
dc.rights	University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.
dc.subject	Municipal Wastewater
dc.subject	Metabolic Rate
dc.subject	Stress response
dc.subject	Stormwater
dc.subject	Metabolomics
dc.subject	Rainbow Trout
dc.subject	Swim Performance
dc.subject	Oxygen consumption
dc.subject	HPI Axis
dc.subject	Cortisol
dc.subject.classification	Physiology
dc.subject.classification	Animal Physiology
dc.subject.classification	Bioinformatics
dc.title	Municipal Wastewater Effluent and Stormwater impacts the acute stress-induced Metabolic Rate and Plasma Metabolome in Rainbow Trout
dc.type	master thesis
thesis.degree.discipline	Biological Sciences
thesis.degree.grantor	University of Calgary
thesis.degree.name	Master of Science (MSc)
ucalgary.thesis.accesssetbystudent	I require a thesis withhold – I need to delay the release of my thesis due to a patent application, and other reasons outlined in the link above. I have/will need to submit a thesis withhold application.