Feeling Red about Bullying! An Application of the Stress Process Model to the Relationship among Bullying, Emotional Agitation, Peer Social Support, and Self-Esteem

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dc.contributor.advisorRussell-Mayhew, Shelly K.
dc.contributor.advisorBeran, Tanya Nathalie
dc.contributor.authorDittrick, Crystal June
dc.contributor.committeememberBierman, Alex E
dc.contributor.committeememberCairns, Sharon L.
dc.date2018-06
dc.date.accessioned2018-04-03T21:38:43Z
dc.date.available2018-04-03T21:38:43Z
dc.date.issued2018-03-22
dc.description.abstractBullying is a pervasive problem worldwide. Children and adolescents who are victimized, perpetrate bullying, or both experience more negative consequences to their mental health than those who are not involved. It is important to understand the students involved in bullying, as well as the process through which bullying exerts its effect. The stress process model is a general orienting framework for understanding the influence that bullying can have on mental health (i.e., emotional agitation or anxiety/anger). This model suggests that the personal resources of peer social support and self-esteem may influence the stress process by acting as either mediators, moderators, or both (i.e., structural amplification). The dual purpose of this study was to examine student involvement in bullying as well as apply the stress process model to the experiences of a nationally representative random sample of 1001 Canadian youth aged 10 to 17. First, Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify groupings of students involved in bullying. Four classes emerged across four forms of bullying (physical, verbal, social, cyber) including students who 1) primarily bullied others, 2) were primarily victimized, 3) both bullied others and were victimized, as well as those who 4) did not engage in bullying (i.e., uninvolved). Second, using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), the stress process model was applied to the relationship between bullying and emotional agitation. The personal resources of peer social support and self-esteem were examined as both mediators and moderators. The results support a partial mediation model: peer social support and self-esteem were pathways through which bullying involvement exerted an effect on anxiety and anger. Although moderation was not supported, a main effect of peer social support and self-esteem was found. Effectively, these personal resources were found to have a positive influence on students' experiences of anxiety and anger, regardless of their involvement in bullying. The process of structural amplification was not supported. Taken together, these results provide some support for the application of the stress process model to the relationship between bullying involvement and emotional agitation. Implications for counselling psychologists as well as the field of bullying prevention, intervention, and research are discussed.en_US
dc.identifier.citationDittrick, C. J. (2018). Feeling red about bullying! An application of the stress process model to the relationship among bullying, emotional agitation, peer social support, and self-esteem (Doctoral thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca. doi:10.11575/PRISM/31754en_US
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/31754
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1880/106462
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisher.facultyGraduate Studies
dc.publisher.facultyWerklund School of Education
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Calgaryen
dc.publisher.placeCalgaryen
dc.rightsUniversity of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.
dc.subjectbullying
dc.subjectvictimization
dc.subjectpeer social support
dc.subjectself-esteem
dc.subjectanxiety
dc.subjectanger
dc.subjectMental Health
dc.subjectChildhood
dc.subjectadolescence
dc.subject.classificationEducationen_US
dc.subject.classificationEducational Psychologyen_US
dc.subject.classificationMental Healthen_US
dc.subject.classificationPsychologyen_US
dc.subject.classificationPsychology--Developmentalen_US
dc.titleFeeling Red about Bullying! An Application of the Stress Process Model to the Relationship among Bullying, Emotional Agitation, Peer Social Support, and Self-Esteem
dc.typedoctoral thesis
thesis.degree.disciplineApplied Psychology
thesis.degree.grantorUniversity of Calgary
thesis.degree.nameDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
ucalgary.item.requestcopytrue
ucalgary.thesis.checklistI confirm that I have submitted all of the required forms to Faculty of Graduate Studies.en_US
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