Mineralogical characterization and thermodynamic modelling of scales formed in once through steam generators

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dc.contributor.authorKlyukin, Yury I.
dc.contributor.authorNightingale, Michael
dc.contributor.authorPerdicakis, Basil
dc.contributor.authorMayer, Bernhard
dc.contributor.authorTutolo, Benjamin
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-18T03:56:52Z
dc.date.available2023-03-18T03:56:52Z
dc.date.issued2021-09
dc.description.abstractExtraction of hydrocarbons from oil sand deposits relies on technologies designed to lower bitumen viscosity, either by thermal energy or combination of thermal energy and solvents. Thermal energy is commonly delivered by steam. Once-through steam generators (OTSGs) are the most common class of generators used to generate steam from boiler feed water (BFW) at high pressure and temperature. Generated steam is used to mobilize the bitumen in the in situ reservoirs, and then water-bitumen emulsion is produced and processed, separating a hydrocarbon product and oil-free water, which subsequently will be reused to generate steam after treatment. Some of the aqueous constituents remaining or added during steam interaction with oil sands and subsequent treatment contribute to scale growth in OTSG tubing. Accumulation of the scale in OTSGs may lead to tubing failure due to overheating. In the present work we focused on inorganic scales – solid phases formed by components dissolved in BFW. We used a suite of geochemical, mineralogical and modelling techniques to characterize and model the inorganic components of scale samples provided by Canada's Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (COSIA) from OTSGs operators at multiple sites in Northeastern Alberta, Canada. We identified the composition of minerals in the scales as Na-, Ca-, and Mg-silicates with relatively low SiO44- content (inosilicates). Our modelling results allowed us to constrain the evolution of pressure, temperature, pH, mineral phases, and dissolved components in BFW as it undergoes heating in the OTSG to form steam and boiler-blowdown water. Modelling results are consistent with observed minerals and are promising for future management of scale formation processes.en_US
dc.identifier.citationKlyukin, Y. I., Nightingale, M., Perdicakis, B., Mayer, B., & Tutolo, B. (2022). Mineralogical characterization and thermodynamic modelling of scales formed in once through steam generators. Fuel, 308, 121990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121990en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121990en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1880/115939
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/46114
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.publisher.departmentGeoscienceen_US
dc.publisher.facultyScienceen_US
dc.publisher.hasversionacceptedVersionen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Calgaryen_US
dc.publisher.policyhttps://www.elsevier.com/journals/fuel/0016-2361/open-access-optionsen_US
dc.rightsUnless otherwise indicated, this material is protected by copyright and has been made available with authorization from the copyright owner. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.en_US
dc.subjectOnce through steam generatoren_US
dc.subjectOil sandsen_US
dc.subjectSteam generationen_US
dc.subjectBoiler feed wateren_US
dc.subjectScale; Modellingen_US
dc.titleMineralogical characterization and thermodynamic modelling of scales formed in once through steam generatorsen_US
dc.typejournal articleen_US
ucalgary.item.requestcopyfalseen_US
ucalgary.scholar.levelFacultyen_US
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