Hercules in the Garden: Gender, Affect, and Impact at the Villa d’Este in Tivoli

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dc.contributor.advisorHughes, Lisa
dc.contributor.authorEveleigh, Cassandra
dc.contributor.committeememberToohey, Peter
dc.contributor.committeememberEllis, James
dc.date2022-11
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-01T15:14:29Z
dc.date.available2022-09-01T15:14:29Z
dc.date.issued2022-08
dc.description.abstractCardinal Ippolito II d’Este’s (1509-1572) display of Hercules statues in the gardens of his Villa d’Este presents a visual and affective form of gender performance and gender roles. However, this display of gender differs from other estates in the Renaissance as freedoms and fluidity for audiences occur due to Ippolito’s relationship and views on society and life. Here men could embody elements of femininity. The visibility of sexual freedoms and tolerance is present through Ippolito’s embrace of Hercules in his fluid totality. These observations deviate from current scholarly analyses on the reception of Hercules by viewing him as an affective vessel that portrays gender and sexual liminality to visitors of the garden—increasing tolerance and expanding one's understanding of the relationship between virtue and vice. These liminal elements in the garden are visible through two principal Hercules statues, the Reclining Hercules and the Lionskin-clad Hercules. Using a case study approach allows for the examination of nuanced tolerances and freedoms through the theoretical lens of gender and affect theory. Here, the select appropriation of classical culture and mythology, chosen by Ippolito’s upbringing, education, personal propaganda, and artistic ideologies, showcases the gender and sexual mentalities from the past reshaped and transported to the Villa d’Este through art. Further, since Ippolito differed from his contemporaries due to his holdover of pre-Counter-Reformation mentalities (lavish opulence and power inherent to a “Cardinal Prince”), presents the foundation for his artistic expression in the Villa d’Este. This foundation showcases that Ippolito’s deviations from normative gender and sexual ideals were true to his character and complement his appreciation for classical antiquity. Additional to the Herculean statues, the garden provides the pivotal context for Hercules as a liminal hero as the garden is a liminal space—wherein gender and sexuality likewise gain a degree of liminality. The two second-century Herculean statues present an ideal example of how classical culture affected audiences and allowed the moods and emotions created by the garden to interject into guests' minds. In turn, the garden space privileged the wealthy elite to engage with morphed gender and sexual ideals presented by Ippolito.en_US
dc.identifier.citationEveleigh, C. (2022). Hercules in the garden: gender, affect, and impact at the Villa d’Este in Tivoli (Master's thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1880/115145
dc.identifier.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/40179
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisher.facultyArtsen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Calgaryen
dc.rightsUniversity of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.en_US
dc.subjectHerculesen_US
dc.subjectTivolien_US
dc.subjectIppolito d'Esteen_US
dc.subjectGardensen_US
dc.subjectRenaissanceen_US
dc.subjectIppolito d'Este's Villa d'Esteen_US
dc.subjectItalyen_US
dc.subjectThe Villa d'Esteen_US
dc.subjectHerculean statuesen_US
dc.subjectHercules in a gardenen_US
dc.subjectGenderen_US
dc.subjectGender performanceen_US
dc.subjectGender theoryen_US
dc.subjectAffecten_US
dc.subjectAffect theoryen_US
dc.subjectReception studiesen_US
dc.subjectRenaissance gardensen_US
dc.subjectCardinal Ippolito d'Esteen_US
dc.subject.classificationArt Historyen_US
dc.subject.classificationLanguage--Ancienten_US
dc.subject.classificationEconomics--Historyen_US
dc.subject.classificationEconomics--Theoryen_US
dc.subject.classificationGender Studiesen_US
dc.titleHercules in the Garden: Gender, Affect, and Impact at the Villa d’Este in Tivolien_US
dc.typemaster thesisen_US
thesis.degree.disciplineGreek & Roman Studiesen_US
thesis.degree.grantorUniversity of Calgaryen_US
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Arts (MA)en_US
ucalgary.item.requestcopytrueen_US
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