Echinococcus multilocularis Infections in Domestic Dogs

Toews, Emilie Anne Wylie

Echinococcus multilocularis Infections in Domestic Dogs

dc.contributor.advisor	Massolo, Alessandro
dc.contributor.advisor	Musiani, Marco
dc.contributor.author	Toews, Emilie Anne Wylie
dc.contributor.committeemember	Checkley, Sylvia
dc.contributor.committeemember	Visscher, Darcy
dc.date	2021-11
dc.date.accessioned	2021-06-15T21:25:53Z
dc.date.available	2021-06-15T21:25:53Z
dc.date.issued	2021-06-03
dc.description.abstract	Echinococcus multilocularis, a parasitic helminth of the northern hemisphere, normally cycles through definitive (coyotes, foxes, wolves, raccoon dogs) and intermediate hosts (rodents and some lagomorphs). In urban areas, domestic dogs can also become hosts for this parasite, maintaining the E. multilocularis population in areas with less wild canids. Occasionally, this zoonotic parasite infects humans, resulting in alveolar echinococcosis, which is often lethal. Echinococcus multilocularis has been well-studied in wild definitive hosts throughout its known global distribution, but further investigation into the prevalence of this parasite in dogs is needed. I conducted a literature review and meta-analysis estimating the true prevalence and risk factors associated with E. multilocularis infections in dogs globally. Then, I attempted to fill gaps in the literature by investigating E. multilocularis in dogs living near several parks in Calgary, Alberta. Using qPCR on fecal samples collected in 2012, I determined the true prevalence of E. multilocularis in Calgary dogs. Associated risk factors were assessed using dog behaviour questionnaires submitted by owners. While intestinal E. multilocularis has not previously been found in dog population studies in Canada, I found the prevalence in Calgary in 2012 to be similar to Europe and Asia. Some risk factors for infection were confirmed but more work is warranted. Therefore, I also conducted a pilot study directed at Calgary vet clinics to provide an updated estimate of intestinal E. multilocularis presence and also, for the first time, alveolar echinococcosis prevalence in dogs. This study design and dog behaviour questionnaire are suitable for assessing risk factors for both types of infections and is intended to be applied to a larger future study. Understanding the role of dogs in both the maintenance of the E. multilocularis lifecycle and the transmission of the infection to humans is paramount as urbanization drives humans and their pets closer to wildlife populations.	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Toews, E. A. W. (2021). Echinococcus multilocularis Infections in Domestic Dogs (Master's thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca.	en_US
dc.identifier.doi	http://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/38923
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/1880/113495
dc.language.iso	eng	en_US
dc.publisher.faculty	Science	en_US
dc.publisher.institution	University of Calgary	en
dc.rights	University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.	en_US
dc.subject	parasitology	en_US
dc.subject	zoonoses	en_US
dc.subject	domestic dog	en_US
dc.subject	echinococcus	en_US
dc.subject	urbanization	en_US
dc.subject	PCR	en_US
dc.subject	echinococcus multilocularis	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Ecology	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Biology--Molecular	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Parasitology	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Veterinary Science	en_US
dc.title	Echinococcus multilocularis Infections in Domestic Dogs	en_US
dc.type	master thesis	en_US
thesis.degree.discipline	Biological Sciences	en_US
thesis.degree.grantor	University of Calgary	en_US
thesis.degree.name	Master of Science (MSc)	en_US
ucalgary.item.requestcopy	true	en_US