The Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Signaling of Amyloid β Protein During Ischemia
| dc.contributor.advisor | Thompson, Roger J. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Palmer, Laura Ann | |
| dc.contributor.committeemember | Teskey, G. Campbell | |
| dc.contributor.committeemember | Stys, Peter K. | |
| dc.date | 2019-11 | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2019-06-12T16:59:51Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2019-06-12T16:59:51Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2019-06-11 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Amyloid β has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD) by disrupting synapses and enhancing cell death. Genetic mutations that are causative of familial Alzheimer disease are associated with enhanced Aβ burden. Since only 5% of AD cases are genetic, efforts must be made to understand environmental risk factors and other co-morbidities that could elevate Aβ. For instance, ischemic stroke is associated with increased risk of developing AD, which is thought to be due to enhanced production of Aβ. Loss of key energy substrates during ischemia initiate overactive synaptic glutamate release, reversed glutamate uptake, ionic dysregulation, and the anoxic depolarization. The anoxic depolarization is mediated by a number of channels, including NMDARs and pannexin-1 (Panx1) to induce Ca2+ dysregulation and downstream cell death. The role of Aβ during the events of acute ischemia is unknown, and is assumed to be pathological due to similar features of ischemia and AD. However, Aβ has been shown to depress synapses and enhance cell survival during excitotoxicity. The overarching hypothesis of this thesis is that Aβ acts to depress aberrant synaptic events during ischemia and reduces excitotoxicity. Here, I show that Aβ potently reduces excitotoxic currents during the anoxic depolarization and prevents Panx1-dependent secondary currents in response to NMDA overstimulation. Aβ does not directly inhibit Panx1 but regulates its opening by acting as an antagonist for mGluR1. This Aβ-mGluR1 interaction also enhances GABAergic signalling to reduce excitotoxic glutamate release, however, presynaptic release does not determine the magnitude of the anoxic depolarization. These data reveal a novel modulation of Panx1 opening by mGluR1, which is regulated by Aβ. Aβ production could be increased during hypoxia to reduce activation of Panx1, thereby attenuating the anoxic depolarization and downstream cell death pathways. With prolonged/repeated ischemic events, Aβ could reach toxic levels and coincide with hallmark pathophysiology of AD. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.citation | Palmer, L. A. (2019). The Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Signaling of Amyloid β Protein During Ischemia (Doctoral thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/36632 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1880/110491 | |
| dc.language.iso | eng | en_US |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Cumming School of Medicine | en_US |
| dc.publisher.institution | University of Calgary | en |
| dc.rights | University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. | en_US |
| dc.subject | Stroke | en_US |
| dc.subject | Alzheimer's Disease | en_US |
| dc.subject | Amyloid β | en_US |
| dc.subject.classification | Neuroscience | en_US |
| dc.title | The Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Signaling of Amyloid β Protein During Ischemia | en_US |
| dc.type | doctoral thesis | en_US |
| thesis.degree.discipline | Medicine – Neuroscience | en_US |
| thesis.degree.grantor | University of Calgary | en_US |
| thesis.degree.name | Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) | en_US |
| ucalgary.item.requestcopy | true |