Investigations into Macrophage-Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Interaction and Shell-less Egg Syndrome

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dc.contributor.advisorAbdul-Careem, Mohamed Faizal
dc.contributor.advisorvan der Meer, Frank
dc.contributor.authorAmarasinghe, Aruna
dc.contributor.committeememberCork, S. C.
dc.contributor.committeememberGilch, Sabine
dc.contributor.committeememberGomis, Susantha Muhandiramge
dc.date2018-11
dc.date.accessioned2018-09-06T13:54:03Z
dc.date.available2018-09-06T13:54:03Z
dc.date.issued2018-08-29
dc.description.abstractInfectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a coronavirus and infects chickens globally causing economic losses. The disease caused by IBV is known as infectious bronchitis (IB) and is prevalent in commercial broiler and layer chickens and breeder flocks in Canada. The control of IB relies on vaccination done on the day of hatch and then several times during the grower period depending on the purpose of rearing the chickens. Although the vaccine-induced immunity protects chickens from production losses induced by IBV infection, vaccine failures are frequent. Given the issues in current IB control measures, sustainable control measures developed understanding the host-IBV interaction is required. The studies conducted in the thesis focused in two major areas; 1) understanding the interaction between IBV and host immune system mainly macrophages and 2) investigating the role of IBV in a recently emerged concern of Western Canadian table-egg layer industry, shell-less egg syndrome (SES). The work described in chapter 2 of the thesis led to the finding that IBV replicates in avian macrophages in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, we showed that IBV not only targets macrophages leading to productive infection but also affects selected functions of macrophages, particularly the production of nitric oxide (NO). As shown in chapter 3, IBV infection upregulates the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β in both tracheal and lung tissues. An additional observation made was that there was a significant association between the IBV genome load and macrophage recruitment in lungs. Overall, we found that macrophages can act as a source of cytokines, which is beneficial against IBV infection. However, the ability of IBV to replicate within macrophage by decreasing selected immune functions can be detrimental to the host. Chapter 4 provides details of our work leading to the elucidation of the etiology of SES. First, molecular characterization showed that about 70% of the IBV strains isolated from layer flocks affected with SES in Western Canada were Massachusetts (Mass) genotype. Infection of layer chickens with one of the Mass IBV isolate induced shell-less eggs. The work of chapter 5 compared two Mass IBV isolates recovered from Western Canadian layer flocks for whole genome variations and documented the differences in pathogenicity, tissue distribution, and macrophage response. The knowledge generated in the thesis increased the understanding of IBV-macrophage interaction, documented the IBV genotypes observable in Western Canada layer flocks and elucidated the etiology of SES observed in layer operations in Canada.en_US
dc.identifier.citationAmarasinghe, A. (2018). Investigations into Macrophage-Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Interaction and Shell-less Egg Syndrome (Doctoral thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca. doi:10.11575/PRISM/32880en_US
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/32880
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1880/107702
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisher.facultyGraduate Studies
dc.publisher.facultyVeterinary Medicine
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Calgaryen
dc.publisher.placeCalgaryen
dc.rightsUniversity of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.
dc.subjectMacrophage
dc.subjectInfectious bronchitis virus
dc.subjectShell gland
dc.subjectshell-less egg
dc.subjectInterleukin 1β
dc.subjectMolecular epidemiology
dc.subjectlayer chicken
dc.subjectspike protein gene
dc.subjectWestern Canada
dc.subject.classificationAnimal Pathologyen_US
dc.subject.classificationBiology--Molecularen_US
dc.subject.classificationVeterinary Scienceen_US
dc.subject.classificationVirologyen_US
dc.titleInvestigations into Macrophage-Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Interaction and Shell-less Egg Syndrome
dc.typedoctoral thesis
thesis.degree.grantorUniversity of Calgary
thesis.degree.nameDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
ucalgary.item.requestcopytrue
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