Integrating Queue Dynamics into the Trip-Based Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram
| dc.contributor.advisor | Kattan, Lina | |
| dc.contributor.author | Hassanin, Omar | |
| dc.contributor.committeemember | Demissie, Merkebe Getachew | |
| dc.contributor.committeemember | He, Jianxun (Jennifer) | |
| dc.date | 2025-06-04 | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-01-17T21:23:54Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-01-17T21:23:54Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-01-15 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Macroscopic traffic models provide a simplified framework for analyzing and controlling traffic at the network level. Among these models, the trip-based macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD), or generalized bathtub model, effectively captures inflow, accumulation, and outflow while considering trip lengths and travel times, particularly under rapidly changing traffic conditions. This study addresses a gap in the trip-based MFD, which lacks queuing dynamics under downstream restrictions, as its original outflow function assumes unrestricted flow. To resolve this, the research incorporates downstream queuing dynamics, accounting for waiting times and their changes over time. The study also examines the impact of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) on traffic dynamics through numerical simulations. Assuming that CAVs improve the MFD shape and bottleneck capacity, a sensitivity analysis was conducted for various market penetration rates (MPRs). Key findings include: 1) Average upstream waiting time decreased from 130 seconds to 0 at 60% MPR; 2) Average reservoir travel time reduced by 60% (570 to 230 seconds) at 100% MPR; 3) Average downstream waiting time initially increased by 25% at 70% MPR but fell by 12.5% at 100% MPR; and 4) Average total trip time (TTT) dropped by 61%, from 780 to 300 seconds. The results show earlier commuter exits, shifting the peak time (𝑡𝑝) of TTT. However, as 𝑡𝑝 depends on external factors (e.g., work schedules), the inflow demand pattern was adjusted to maintain 𝑡𝑝 constant, revealing a 26-minute inflow peak shift at 100% MPR. Additionally, congestion duration reduced by 51%, from 96.6 to 46.6 minutes, while maximum travel time decreased by 66% (18.5 to 9.5 minutes). Lastly, previous enhancements in capacities maintained constant free-flow speed (𝑣𝑓) for safety reasons. However, when the MPR reaches 100% and there are no longer any human-driven vehicles, increasing 𝑣𝑓 no longer poses safety risks. Thus, 𝑣𝑓 can reach 21m/s instead of 15 m/s, leading to less congestion. The findings demonstrate that CAVs significantly reduce trip time and congestion but cannot alone eliminate the negative impacts of downstream bottlenecks. | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Hassanin, O. (2025). Integrating queue dynamics into the trip-based macroscopic fundamental diagram (Master's thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/1880/120490 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Schulich School of Engineering | |
| dc.publisher.institution | University of Calgary | |
| dc.rights | University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. | |
| dc.subject | Trip-based Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram | |
| dc.subject | MFD | |
| dc.subject | Connected and Automated Vehicles | |
| dc.subject | CAVs | |
| dc.subject.classification | Engineering--Civil | |
| dc.title | Integrating Queue Dynamics into the Trip-Based Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram | |
| dc.type | master thesis | |
| thesis.degree.discipline | Engineering – Civil | |
| thesis.degree.grantor | University of Calgary | |
| thesis.degree.name | Master of Science (MSc) | |
| ucalgary.thesis.accesssetbystudent | I do not require a thesis withhold – my thesis will have open access and can be viewed and downloaded publicly as soon as possible. |