Enamel hypoplasia and dental wear of North American late Pleistocene horses and bison: An assessment of nutritionally based extinction models

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dc.contributor.authorJass, Christopher I.
dc.contributor.authorAusten, Jennifer
dc.contributor.authorTheodor, Jessica M.
dc.contributor.authorBarrón-Ortiz, Christina I.
dc.contributor.authorBarrón-Corvera, Raúl
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-10T21:38:43Z
dc.date.available2021-09-10T21:38:43Z
dc.date.issued2019-06-03
dc.description.abstractApproximately 50,000–11,000 years ago many species around the world became extinct or were extirpated at a continental scale. The causes of the late Pleistocene extinctions have been extensively debated and continue to be poorly understood. Several extinction models have been proposed, including two nutritionally based extinction models: the coevolutionary disequilibrium and mosaic-nutrient models. These models draw upon the individualistic response of plant species to climate change to present a plausible scenario in which nutritional stress is considered one of the primary causes for the late Pleistocene extinctions. In this study, we tested predictions of the coevolutionary disequilibrium and mosaic- nutrient extinction models through the study of dental wear and enamel hypoplasia of Equus and Bison from various North American localities. The analysis of the dental wear (microwear and mesowear) of the samples yielded results that are consistent with predictions established for the coevolutionary disequilibrium model, but not for the mosaic-nutrient model. These ungulate species show statistically different dental wear patterns (suggesting dietary resource partitioning) during preglacial and full-glacial time intervals, but not during the postglacial in accordance with predictions of the coevolutionary disequilibrium model. In addition to changes in diet, these ungulates, specifically the equid species, show increased levels of enamel hypoplasia during the postglacial, indicating higher levels of systemic stress, a result that is consistent with the models tested and with other climate-based extinction models. The extent to which the increase in systemic stress was detrimental to equid populations remains to be further investigated, but suggests that environmental changes during the late Pleistocene significantly impacted North American equids.en_US
dc.description.grantingagencyNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)en_US
dc.identifier.citationBarrón-Ortiz, C., Jass, C., Barrón-Corvera, R., Austen, J., & Theodor, J. (2019). Enamel hypoplasia and dental wear of North American late Pleistocene horses and bison: An assessment of nutritionally based extinction models. Paleobiology, 45(3), 484-515. doi:10.1017/pab.2019.17en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1017/pab.2019.17en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1880/113843
dc.identifier.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/39179
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherCambridgeen_US
dc.publisher.departmentBiological Sciencesen_US
dc.publisher.facultyScienceen_US
dc.publisher.hasversionacceptedVersionen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Calgaryen_US
dc.publisher.institutionRoyal Alberta Museumen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversidad Autónoma de Zacatecasen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Readingen_US
dc.publisher.policyhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/open-access-policiesen_US
dc.rightsUnless otherwise indicated, this material is protected by copyright and has been made available with authorization from the copyright owner. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.en_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0en_US
dc.subjectextinction modelsen_US
dc.subjectbisonen_US
dc.subjecthorsesen_US
dc.subjectPleistoceneen_US
dc.subjectdental wearen_US
dc.subjectenamel hypoplasiaen_US
dc.titleEnamel hypoplasia and dental wear of North American late Pleistocene horses and bison: An assessment of nutritionally based extinction modelsen_US
dc.typejournal articleen_US
ucalgary.item.requestcopytrueen_US
ucalgary.scholar.levelFacultyen_US
ucalgary.scholar.levelGraduateen_US
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