Browsing by Author "Apentiik, Rowland"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Black African and Caribbean Youth Inclusion Practices: The Role of Hip-hop
    (2017) Lewis, Stefan; Madibbo, Amal; Godley, Jenny; Apentiik, Rowland
    In this thesis I explore the ways in which Black African and Caribbean immigrant youth in Calgary, Alberta, use Hip-hop culture to foster feelings of inclusion in Canadian society. It is projected that by 2016, 25% of the youth population in Canada was immigrant. While some immigrant youth are on par socio-economically with their Canadian-born counterparts, others face barriers that make inclusion strenuous. First and second generation Black African and Caribbean immigrant youth in particular face social and economic barriers in Alberta. I argue that in addressing the problems faced by these youth, the potential of Hip-hop culture as a strategy to counter these barriers has been historically under-explored. Based on this data, my thesis identifies the racial and cultural barriers that these youth encounter in contemporary Canadian society, as well as the role that Hip-hop plays in shaping their inclusion process.
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    Bulsa technologies and systems of thought
    (1997) Apentiik, Rowland; David, Nicholas C.
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    From Apathetic to Amiable: The British Empire and Haile Selassie’s Ethiopia, 1916-1974
    (2023-08) Holbert, Quentin Colin; Stapleton, Timothy; Elofson, Warren; Apentiik, Rowland; Huebert, Robert; Thomas, Charles
    Imperial Ethiopia was one of only two African states to retain its independence during the Scramble for Africa in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The most famous leader of Ethiopia was Emperor Haile Selassie, who ruled from 1930 to 1974. However, his involvement in international affairs date to 1916 when he was the Heir Apparent. The British Empire, which controlled colonies neighbouring Ethiopia, was the largest polity that the emperor conducted diplomacy with. This project examines how the British government’s attitude towards Ethiopia evolved between 1916 and 1974. The central change that happened was that Britain became friendlier to Ethiopia, having shifted from being apathetic and dismissive to more collaborative and respectful. From 1916 to 1935, Britain was dismissive of Ethiopia, although they were interested in keeping Lake Tana, one of the main reservoirs of the Nile River, flowing freely. During the diplomatic crisis leading up to the Second Italo-Ethiopian War (1935-1937), Britain tried to use Ethiopia as a bargaining chip with Fascist Italy. Nonetheless, Selassie spent his exile in the United Kingdom. When Italy joined the Axis side of the Second World War in 1940, Britain worked with both Selassie and Ethiopian patriot fighters to help liberate the country. For the remainder of the 1940s, Britain helped stabilize the war-torn country via the British Military Administration. While Selassie leaned more heavily on American military funding in the 1950s and 1960s, Britain shifted to a Soft Power approach towards Ethiopia. Despite crises like the abortive coup attempt of 1960 and the outbreak of the Eritrean War of Liberation, Britain remained a close ally of Selassie up until the Derg coup of 1974. This dissertation represents the most comprehensive analysis of British-Ethiopian relations between 1916 and 1974.
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    Important Sideshow: Nigerian Soldiers and the Cameroon Campaign of the First World War - (1914-1916)
    (2022-08) Tinubu, Adeboye; Stapleton, Timothy; Bercuson, David; Apentiik, Rowland
    During the First World War, the warring parties included their colonial possessions in the hostility, either directly or indirectly. In West Africa, the proximity between the colonies of Germany and Britain ultimately made the region a theatre of war. Immediately the war started in Europe in 1914, hostility began between British Nigeria and German Cameroon lasting until 1916 when the Germans were defeated and ousted to the Spanish colony of Muni. This thesis seeks to explore the operational history of the war between British Nigeria and German Cameroon. Notably, the role of the Nigerian soldiers who formed the bulk of the British force facing a “peer-enemy” for the first time. This work will examine their movement from Nigeria to Cameroon, the successful amphibious landing at the Duala harbour, and their involvement in the eventual ousting of the Germans from Cameroon.
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    Knowledge Production and Policy in the Arctic: The Political Ecology of the Thick-billed Murre
    (2022-04) Sine, Mary; Walls, Matthew; Apentiik, Rowland; Peric, Sabrina
    In Greenland, and across the Arctic, subsistence hunting has always been a critical part of the survival of Indigenous groups and their complex moral economies. For many Inuit and Inughuit communities in Greenland, this critical relationship with hunted animals, like the seabird the thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia or “Appa/Appat” in Greenlandic), has remained an important aspect of life even after Danish colonization, Home Rule, and Self-Government have changed the political and economic landscape in the country over the last 200 years. Within the last three decades, however, the thick-billed murre population in Greenland has been facing a decline with some colonies being lost in Southwestern Greenland, which has become the focus of scientific research conducted by seabird biologists in Greenland. This research, and the recommendations made by scientists based upon it has led to stricter hunting regulations and quotas affecting the relationship between hunters and their environment. In this case study of the thick-billed murre and its relationship with humans in Greenland, I utilize a political ecology analytical framework to examine through texts how authority is constructed by scientists to influence hunting regulation policy decisions. Through both thematic analysis and critical discourse analysis, I examine scientific studies, international and national reports, and existing regulations and recommendations. I demonstrate how the thick-billed murre population decline in Greenland is framed as an international and regional problem, but the primary solution that is recommended as the most “actionable” is further regulated local hunting in Greenland. I argue that by using their authority as scientific knowledge producers, scientists and conservationists control the narrative surrounding the population decline in Greenland and characterize hunting as a dysfunctional Inuit-species relationship that requires stricter regulations. However, as they utilize their authority to assert this narrative and to create and push their recommendations to Greenlandic lawmakers and international organizations, they fail to fully interrogate other factors behind the decline and rely on an outdated framework that places scientific knowledge over other forms of knowledge at the expense of Indigenous communities in Greenland.
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    Media Hegemony: The Portrayal of Rohingya Refugees in the Canadian Print Media
    (2024-06-28) Chowdhury, Tanjima; Peric, Sabrina; Yessenova, Saulesh; Apentiik, Rowland
    The Rohingya, a predominantly Muslim ethnic group in Myanmar's Rakhine state, gained global attention in 2017 due to the Myanmar military's genocide. This study focuses on how the Canadian media portrays the Rohingya minority after their displacement from Myanmar and resettlement in Canada. The primary objective is to analyze how different news outlets depict the Rohingya community, with a secondary goal of contrasting media narratives with the actual experiences of Rohingya migrants in Canada. My research emphasizes prioritizing refugee perspectives both theoretically and methodologically, aiming to engage these voices in dialogue with prevalent stereotypes and misrepresentations. My goal is to understand how our perceptions of these migrants are produced and how they influence refugee settlement. Based on their age, gender, and family background, the fieldwork with the Rohingya people revealed differences of opinion amongst the community about their portrayal in the media. Further, the data shows how different the resettlement journey is for each of these people in a foreign land. The media analysis demonstrated that the Rohingya were often portrayed as helpless victims, rarely discussed Rohingya history, and prioritized refugee camp stories with a significant absence of the Rohingya women's voices in the news. Ultimately the study displays the implication and significance of bringing refugee narratives into the mainstream media as people still fail to understand the crisis on a deeper level.
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    Medical Assistance in Dying: An Ethnographic Study on the Practitioner’s Decision Making in Eligibility Assessments
    (2021-04-30) Fasola, Cynthia Ngozi; Leason, Jennifer; Peric, Sabrina; Yessenova, Saulesh; Apentiik, Rowland
    In a historic ruling on the 6th of February 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada declared that sections of the Criminal Code of Canada prohibiting medical assisted dying were no longer valid. Following the court's mandate, government laws and provincial policies were passed to facilitate the implementation of this ruling. Regulatory bodies implemented frameworks and policies on the healthcare practitioner's practice of care in assisted dying. This ethnography aimed to examine how Albertan medical assistance in dying (MAiD) assessors and providers understand and apply Alberta Health Services (AHS) policies in determining a patient's eligibility for MAiD provisions. Eight healthcare practitioners participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews engaging their understanding of critical components of the policies and legislation on MAiD. The three main themes include 1) communication with the patient, 2) the practitioner's comfort level, and 3) the patient's life context. Practitioners centred their decision-making on communication, as well as the relationship between the patient and family. This demonstrates that policies need to reflect the important role of family members in end-of-life care and the practitioner's MAiD eligibility decision-making.
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    Policing the Protectorate: The Role and Development of the Police in Colonial Botswana, 1885-1975
    (2021-06-04) Bayani, Simon Isaac; Stapleton, Timothy; Elofson, Warren; Apentiik, Rowland; Donald, Ray; Sibanda, Eliakim
    This thesis traces the development of policing in Bechuanaland (Colonial Botswana) starting from 1885 when the British declared a protectorate over the territory. In order to show the impact of colonialism on policing in post-independence Botswana, the thesis goes as far as 1975, exactly 9 years after the country gained its independence from Britain. In a mostly chronological style, the thesis shows the transition of the colonial police force through various names and designations influenced by the wider politics of the Southern African region. Using the frontier and metropolitan theories found in the historiography of the North American West, the study shows that the Bechuanaland Protectorate was a frontier of Southern Africa and was also influenced by the metropolitan forces of Mafikeng, Cape Town and ultimately Britain. Policing in the formative years of the Bechuanaland Protectorate was, therefore, influenced by both frontier and metropolitan forces. This study also reveals the changes in the nature of policing throughout Bechuanaland’s 81-year period of colonization. While many African colonies began to transform their police forces from para-military to professional law enforcement organizations during the inter-war period, the Bechuanaland administration held back given the financial constraints and the influence of the neighbouring Union of South Africa. After the end of World War II, however, policing in Bechuanaland began to change within the context of the post-war reforms in British colonial Africa. While the earlier occupational force in Bechuanaland represented a para-military organization capable of crushing any possible rebellions in the territory, the post-World War II period saw the police force begin to move away from coercive and militaristic policing to a more civil and consensual style. Interestingly, however, as the thesis shows, the decolonization period brought with it political challenges to colonial authority, and as a result, the Bechuanaland administration, just like other colonies, was forced to re-militarize its police force to combat political unrest while preparing the territory for independence.
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    A Socio-Environmental History of Dispossession and Displacement in the Zimunya, Marange and Bvumba (Chirara) Communities of Eastern Zimbabwe, 1920s - 2015
    (2021-11) Ruguwa, Mathew; Stapleton, Timothy; Colpitts, George; Mlambo, Alois; Lyon, Diane; Apentiik, Rowland
    This thesis explores the lived experiences of the Zimunya, Marange, and Bvumba inhabitants as they were shaped by dispossession and displacements. Historians have long emphasized that massive land expropriation and forced dislocations in Africa were a consequence of colonial rule. While this is true, this research recognizes that dispossession and forced dislocations long predated colonialism. It demonstrates that land expropriation and displacements continued on a wide - scale in the colonial and post-colonial period where assorted state - sponsored development projects and wars resulted in rural people losing their property and being forcibly moved from their homesteads. The study highlights the endurance of the family institution in times of trouble. It uses historical episodes such as the rise of settler capitalist agriculture during the colonial period, recurring droughts, the 1970s war of independence, the National Resistance Movement Mozambique (RENAMO) war of the 1980s - 90s, and diamond extraction in Marange during the 2000s to illustrate the intersectionality between dispossession, familial resilience and creativity. Racial - related colonial laws such as the Land Apportionment Act (LAA) of 1930 and the ex-serviceman scheme launched in the immediate post World War II era triggered massive land expropriation and dislocations of Africans from their ancestral lands into the ‘Native’ reserves. In these areas people experienced misfortunes such as recurring droughts, diseases that killed their livestock and crop-consuming pests that threatened their agricultural activities. The outbreak of the War of Liberation and the RENAMO war further complicated the lives of the residents of Zimunya, Marange and Bvumba. During the Liberation War, Rhodesian counter- insurgency methods included the introduction of the Protected Villages (PVs), curfews and collective punishments. These, along with RENAMO’s episodic raids resulted in renewed threats of dispossession, loss of lives, forced dislocations and food shortages. Mechanized diamond mining did not bring meaningful development to the Marange community. To pave the way for large-scale mineral extraction, the diamond firms along with the state grabbed indigenous peoples farming and grazing land resulting in the local villagers being forcibly dislocated from their homes. In their effort to adapt to their landscape that was under constant transformation, people in the Zimunya, Marange and Bvumba communities demonstrated that they were not passive historical actors to the challenges they encountered. They resorted to diverse coping strategies. In drought times, for example, they begged for grain and food in the village to feed their households. Others were involved in foraging, searching for local temporary employment as labour in return for food and trapping quelea birds and locusts that destroyed their crops and consumed the pests as additional food. During the War of Liberation, people sneaked out from the PVs and carried out farming activities while others travelled to white-owned farms where they rustled cattle which they slaughtered and consumed. After having been forcibly dislocated to the Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (ARDA) Transau, an environment where farming and grazing land including other sources of livelihoods were relatively limited, the Marange villagers responded by illegally clearing forests to extend space for crop cultivation while others became involved in selling firewood to people at Odzi shopping centre.