Browsing by Author "Hodgins, David C."
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Item Open Access Affect-regulation expectancies among gamblers(2009) Shead, Nathaniel Will; Hodgins, David C.Item Open Access The association between comorbidity and outcome in pathological gambling: A prospective follow-up of recent quitters.(Springer, 2005-09) Hodgins, David C.; Peden, Nicole; Cassidy, ErinA naturalistic sample of pathological gamblers (N=101) who recently quit gambling was followed prospectively for a year (follow-up rate 80%). Lifetime mood disorders were identified in 61% of participants and 73% and 48% had lifetime alcohol use and drug use disorders respectively. Current prevalence rates, however, were much lower. Current mood disorders were found for 20% and 7% had a current alcohol disorder and 7% a current drug use disorder. Age of onset for substance use disorders was earlier than gambling disorders but mood disorders were equally likely to predate or follow gambling disorders. Lifetime mood disorder was associated with a longer time to achieve three months of stable abstinence. Participants who were currently in treatment or attending Gamblers Anonymous and the small number of participants with current alcohol disorders were also more likely to achieve abstinence earlier. The results underscore the importance of increasing our understanding of the role of comorbid disorders in the recovery process from gambling problems.Item Open Access Augmenting an online self-directed intervention for gambling disorder with a single motivational interview: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial(2021-12-20) Brazeau, Brad W.; Hodgins, David C.; Cunningham, John A.; Bennett, Kylie; Bennett, AnthonyAbstract Background Despite the success of gold standard cognitive-behavioral therapy for problem and disordered gambling, the majority of individuals with gambling problems do not seek or receive professional treatment. Thus, the development of less intrusive self-directed interventions has been encouraged. Bibliotherapy for problem gambling has shown promise, both alone and in combination with motivational interviews, but there is still a lack of online self-directed intervention research. The current randomized controlled trial proposes to assess the additive benefit of a single digital motivational interview delivered in conjunction with an online self-directed treatment program for problem gambling and gambling disorder. Methods A two-arm randomized controlled trial will be conducted, wherein eligible participants (N=270) will be recruited across Canada via internet advertisements posted to several platforms. All participants will receive access to an online self-directed gambling intervention program. Participants will be randomly assigned to either complete the online program alone or receive a digital motivational interview, conducted through an online audioconferencing platform (i.e., Microsoft Teams) to supplement the online program. The primary outcomes of gambling severity, frequency, and expenditures will be tracked along with secondary outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, general distress, alcohol use, and online program user data) over a 24-month period. It is expected that participants in both groups will experience a reduction in symptoms across the board, but more substantial improvements will be observed in the group that receives a supplemental motivational interview. Discussion The results of this trial will expand upon prior gambling intervention research by informing best practices for the provision of online self-help for problem gambling. Trial registration ISRCTN ISRCTN13009468 . Registered on 7 July 2020.Item Open Access Cognitive mechanisms in gambling: The temporal relationship between cognitive distortions and gambling involvement(2012) Yakovenko, Igor; Hodgins, David C.Item Open Access Construction of the gambling cognitions inventory(2003) Holub, Alice; Hodgins, David C.Item Open Access Controversial Topics in Gambling: Alberta Gambling Research Institute's 13th Annual Conference(2014-04-14) Aitchison, Katherine J.; Castellani, Brian; Chapman, Craig S.; Christensen, Darren R.; Crawford, Sandy; Currie, Cheryl; Downs, Carolyn; Euston, David; Forrest, David; Goodyear, Bradley G.; Gruber, Aaron; Hanson, William; Hodgins, David C.; Scholnick, Barry; Schopflocher, Don; Schrans, Tracy; Simpson, Rob; Singhal, Anthony; Spetch, Marcia L.; Smith, Garry; Suomi, Aino; Walker, Gordon; Williams, RobertThe Alberta Gambling Research Institute and the University of Alberta co-sponsored the thirteenth in a series of special interest conferences in the area of gambling studies. The conference theme was "Controversial Topics in Gambling." The conference took place Thursday, April 3, Friday, April 4, & Saturday, April 5, 2014 at the Banff Centre.Item Open Access Coping with Distal and Proximal Stressors: A Transactional Model of Stress Among First-Year Undergraduate Students(2019-10-14) Poole, Julia C.; Dobson, Keith S.; Szeto, Andrew C. H.; Hodgins, David C.; Schwartz, Kelly Dean; Harkness, Kate L.The transition to post-secondary education has been cited as a period of high stress, and increased rates of mental health concerns among undergraduate samples suggest that many students are poorly equipped to cope with this transition. The current study utilized the transactional model of stress (Folkman & Lazarus, 1984) to address the need for a comprehensive model of stress and coping among undergraduate students. A sample of first-year undergraduate students completed self-report questionnaires within the initial months of their first term (Time 1; n= 788) and again within the final months of their second term (Time 2; n= 621). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the associations among stress and coping variables at the start of the year, including distal stressors, proximal stressors, appraisal of stressors, coping strategies, and emotion regulation strategies, with mental health outcomes at the end of the year, including depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction. Results indicated that stress and coping variables at the start of the year explained almost half (45.3%) of the variability in mental health outcomes at the end of the year. Taken together, the structural model provides a useful framework for the conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of stress-related mental health concerns among first-year undergraduate students. Clinical implications and directions for future research and theory development are discussed.Item Open Access Development of a video game addiction assessment for adults using the construct validation method(2011) Wong, Ulric; Hodgins, David C.Item Open Access Development of the Temptations for Gambling Questionnaire: A Measure of Temptation in Recently Quit Gamblers(Taylor & Francis, 2005-04) Holub, Alice; Hodgins, David C.An important factor in understanding relapse in problem gambling is temptation to gamble. This paper evaluates the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Temptations for Gambling Questionnaire (TGQ), a new measure of temptation to gamble in 21 high-risk situations. The TGQ was administered to 101 recently-quit pathological gamblers (65 males and 36 females). Principle components analysis supported a four-factor structure, with factors representing Negative Affect, Positive Mood / Impulsivity, Seeking Wins or Money, and Social Factors. Construct validity of the scale was supported by the consistency of the factors with social learning theory, Marlatt’s cognitive behavioral model of relapse, and prior research on gambling relapse. Internal consistency of the TGQ and its factors was strong (a = 0.80 to 0.91). The TGQ holds promise as a reliable and valid measure of temptation to gamble.Item Open Access Effects of a single session motivational intervention on problem gambling behaviour(2006) Diskin, Katherine Mary; Hodgins, David C.Item Open Access Factors Influencing the Development of Responsible Gambling: A Prospective Study (Update November 5th, 2004)(Alberta Gaming Research Institute, 2004-11-05) el-Guebaly, Nady; Hodgins, David C.; Smith, Garry J.; Williams, Robert J.; Williams, Vickii; Schopflocher, Don P.; Wood, Robert T.; Pickup, MarkGambling is a normative activity in the Alberta population, with 82% of the adult population having gambled in the past year. Although the large majority of Albertans gamble responsibly, there is a small percentage that experience significant problems. The design of effective educational and legislative strategies to minimize the harm caused by gambling hinges on understanding the factors that promote responsible gambling and/or make people susceptible to problem gambling. Longitudinal studies are the optimal methodology for investigating such questions. This methodology has been used extensively and successfully in the fields of health, mental health, sociology and addiction. Unfortunately, there exist virtually no longitudinal studies of gambling. It is this important gap in the research literature that provided the impetus to assemble a cross-disciplinary and cross-university Alberta research team to develop the present proposal.Item Open Access Internet-based interventions for disordered gamblers: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of online self-directed cognitive-behavioural motivational therapy(BioMed Central, 2013-01-08) Hodgins, David C.; Fick, Gordon H.; Murray, Robert; Cunningham, John A.Item Open Access The Leisure, Lifestyle, & Lifecycle Project (LLLP): A Longitudinal Study of Gambling in Alberta. Final Report for the Alberta Gambling Research Institute(Alberta Gambling Research Institute, 2015-02) el-Guebaly, Nady; Casey, David M.; Currie, Shawn R.; Hodgins, David C.; Schopflocher, Don P.; Smith, Garry J.; Williams, Robert J.The Leisure, Lifestyle, and Lifecycle Project (LLLP) is a five-year prospective longitudinal study designed to collect data on the factors influencing change in gambling and problem gambling behavior over time. A sample of 1808 participants from four locations representing the diversity of the province of Alberta (Edmonton, Calgary, Lethbridge area, and Grand Prairie area) were recruited primarily through random digit dialing. In order to assess the development of gambling problems over the lifespan, five critical age ranges were targeted: 13-15, 18-20, 23-25, 43-45 and 63-65 year-olds. Individuals with relatively heavy involvement with gambling were over sampled. A broad array of psychosocial variables was assessed at baseline via telephone, face-to-face and computer self-completion interviews. The sample was weighted to match the population of Alberta according to age, gender, geographic location and the over sampling procedure. The three follow-up interviews of the cohort were completed by paper- or Internet-based surveys. Retention in the fourth and final assessment was 76.2% for the adult cohorts, 71.8% for the adolescent cohort, and 75.1% for the combined cohort. Three primary questions directed this project: 1. What are the normal patterns of continuity and discontinuity in gambling and problem gambling behaviour? 2. What biopsychosocial variables and behaviour patterns are most predictive of current and future problem gambling? 3. What etiological model of problem gambling is best supported by the longitudinal findings? This report provides analyses of the adult sample and focuses primarily on the first two of the primary research questions above - specifically, on identifying variables that are robust predictors of future problem gambling onset, the stability of gambling problems over time, and the development of a multivariate model that illustrates the interaction of gambling behaviour and problem gambling over time. A tentative etiological model is also presented to address the last research question. The LLLP sample problem gambler prevalence at wave 1 was 4.7% (weighted prevalence 3.2%). A similar longitudinal study was conducted during the same time period in Ontario, namely the Quinte Longitudinal Study. A set of parallel analyses was conducted on the QLS dataset to identify findings that were robustly supported in both studies. The collective findings of the 8 LLLP and QLS studies represent the most comprehensive longitudinal analysis of gambling and problem gambling currently in the literature.Item Open Access Minimal treatment for concerned significant others of problem gamblers(2001) Makarchuk, Karyn; Hodgins, David C.Item Open Access Pathological gambling : the biopsychological variables and their management: Interim report, November 10, 2000(Alberta Gaming Research Institute, 2000-12) el-Guebaly, Nady; Hodgins, David C.This report includes summary tables about biological variables, psychological variables, comorbidities and biopsychological approaches to management. An annotated bibliography is also included. To explore these issues and to present a summary of the pertinent literature, the following process was followed. Themes and elements generally found in the literature were identified so that consistency during article reviews and entry into the database was maintained. Boundaries were set so that only published literature that had undergone peer review and was based on empirical work was used. Once these guidelines were in place, the themes or key words for the psychological, cognitive, biological, co-morbidity, and treatment areas were identified.Item Open Access Problem gambling stigma: stereotypes, labels, self-stigma, and treatment-seeking(2011) Horch, Jenny D.; Hodgins, David C.Introduction: Stigma is a cause of reduced treatment-seeking and delay and has recently been explored as a factor in problem gambling, a population in which 1 in 10 seek treatment (Cunningham, 2005). As stigma has been conceptualized as a process consisting of labels, stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination, the present three-part study examines stereotypes (study 1), the relative impact of symptoms and labels on desired social distance (study 2), and self-stigma (study 3) in problem gambling. Methods: A qualitative analysis with 152 undergraduates was used to examine problem gambling stereotype content with free response and checklist methodologies (study 1). An online vignette study engaged 801 undergraduates (study 2). Path analysis was used to examine self-stigma and enlisted 159 individuals with gambling problems to complete paper and pencil questionnaires. Results: Problem gambler stereotypes generated included compulsive, irrational, impulsive, risk-taking, antisocial, aggressive, irresponsible, greedy and depressed. Symptom presence accounted for greater variance in social distance than labels and number of symptoms did not impact desired social distance. Labelling led to stigma only in the absence of symptoms. In study 3, the data fit the proposed path model well and self-stigma resulted in reduced self-esteem and increased shame. Shame predicted the negative coping efforts of secrecy and withdrawal. Contrary to expectations, self-stigma predicted increased treatment-seeking. Applying negative stereotypes to problem gamblers as a whole led to reduced treatment-seeking. Additional predictors of treatment-seeking included gambling problem severity, attitudes towards treatment, sex, and income. Conclusions: Implications for problem gambling stigma, for interventions designed for at-risk gamblers and the general public, for problem gambling treatment providers, and for future problem gambling classification are discussed.Item Open Access Psychophysiological and Subjective Arousal during Gambling in Pathological and Non-Pathological Video Lottery Gamblers(Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis Group, 2003-06) Diskin, Katherine M.; Hodgins, David C.Two groups of video lottery gamblers (pathological n = 30, and non-pathological n = 34) were compared while they participated in gambling and gambling related tasks using subjective ratings of excitement, electromyographic activity (EMG), skin conductance level (SCL), and heart rate (HR). Both groups experienced significant increases on all physiological measures from baseline to gambling task, and both groups experienced significant increases in EMG and SCL when thinking about personally relevant wins and increases in SCL and HR when thinking about personally relevant losses. Pathological gamblers reported greater subjective feelings of excitement than non-pathological gamblers when gambling, resting, and thinking about winning, however subjective reports of excitement were not correlated with physiological measures. Preference for stimulating situations did not differ between groups but was significantly negatively correlated with baseline levels of HR and EMG. It was concluded that the pathological and non-pathological gamblers might perceive their responses to gambling and gambling related situations differently since although the groups experienced similar levels of increased physiological response the pathological gamblers reported greater levels of subjective excitement.Item Open Access Psychophysiological and Subjective Responses of a Community Sample of Video Lottery Gamblers in Gambling Venues and Laboratory Situations(Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis Group, 2003-11) Diskin, Katherine M.; Hodgins, David C.; Skitch, Steven A.Physiological and subjective arousal in lounge and laboratory conditions were explored using heart rate (HR), skin conductance (SCL) and subjective ratings for a community sample (N=30) of video lottery terminal gamblers (14 non-pathological gamblers [NPG] and 16 probable pathological gamblers [PPG]). For all participants, mean heart rates and ratings of subjective arousal were higher in the lounge situation, while SCL did not differ between locations. SCL increased over baseline when gambling in both situations. HR initially increased over baseline in the lounge situation only, but by the end of gambling HR increased in both situations. HR, SCL and subjective reports were moderately correlated between venues. No correlations were found between subjective and physiological measures of arousal.Item Open Access Psychophysiological arousal in problem and non-problem video lottery gamblers(2000) Diskin, Katherine Mary; Hodgins, David C.Item Open Access Public stigma of disordered gamblers: social distance, dangerousness, controllability, and familiarity(2007) Horch, Jenny D.; Hodgins, David C.