Calgary (Working) Papers in Linguistics
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Calgary (Working) Papers in Linguistics is an annual journal which includes contributions in linguistics and related disciplines by faculty and students at the University of Calgary and elsewhere.
ISSN: 2371-2643
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Item Open Access Australian Lowering: A study of one dialect difference between Canadian and Australian spoken English(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Welch, KayThe purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast dialects of Canadian and Australian English regarding the occurrence of the high front tense vowel /i/. I assume a common underlying representation for both dialects; it is irrelevant for present purposes that the vowel /i/ probably has a more abstract source.Item Open Access Canadian Raising in a Windsor, Ontario dialect(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Weber, DebbyThere is a rule found in most if not all Canadian Dialects in which the diphthongs /aw/ and /ay/ are heightened under varied conditions to produce [ʌw] and [ʌy]: this rule has been called Canadian Raising. Let us first look at the most common version of this phonological rule in Western Canada. We have to examine four phonetic environments to see where Canadian Raising is obligatory or blocked. These include the occurrence of the diphthongs /aw/ or /ay/ before a voiced or voiceless consonant, at the end of a word, or where followed by a syllable with primary stress.Item Open Access The relevance of morpheme boundaries to nasal assimilation in Canadian English(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Roth, RuthConsider the words sink, blunt, frank, single, uncle and wind; all of which contain the phoneme /n/. Note that lint, blunt and wind differ from the others in the pronunciation of /n/. Sink, frank, single, and uncle all contain an /n/ folowed by a voiceless /k/ and herein lies the difference. It appears that when an /n/ and a /k/ appear together, nasal assimilation occurs, changing the alveolar nasal /n/ to the velar nasal /ŋ/.Item Open Access An introduction to: trisyllabic laxing, vowel shift, and Canadian raising(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Rempel, RosemaryIn our English language we have a number of words that we know are somehow the same and yet we pronounce them very differently. Let's take a look at the phonetic form of some of these words, in particular, certain vowel sounds.Item Open Access G-deletion in Canadian dialects of English(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Murray, BrendaDialects differ in many ways. Canadian dialects differ among themselves. An example of this is in the presence or absence of a rule.Item Open Access The glottal closure sound in English(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Kemp, LeanneIn the Alberta dialect of English, there are three environments which will affect the pronuncation of the /t/ phoneme. While these pronunciations may be found to be widespread, their employment is optional and may vary on different occasions, even within the same individual and with the same word. These pronunciations are influenced by the surrounding phonological environment. Depending on the environment, the pronunciation of the /t/ may be: (1) voiceless aspirated (2) voiced or (3) changed to a glottal closure sound.Item Open Access Rule ordering in Canadian English(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Jones, BrendaOver ten years ago, "Morris Halle cited Martin Joos' data to demonstrate that some Canadian dialect differences can be characterized in terms of differently ordered rules." Two of these differently ordered rules are T-Voicing and Vowel Shortening, called for short Voicing and Shortening, respectively.Item Open Access A comparison of M. Bloomfield's "Western (Saskatchewan)" dialect and a dialect from the Regina area(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Gullon, PBloomfield, in Southerland: (1973:31-32) presents a phonetic transcription for several dozen words in the "Western (Saskatchewan)" dialect of English. An analysis of this regional dialect shows a number of rather faulty generalizations in Bloomfield's treatment when compared with the dialects of five residents of the Regina area.Item Open Access A comparison of New Brunswick and Saskatchewan English(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Gordon, Barbara; Stevens, AnitaThis paper deals with the phonological differences of three dialects within two provinces in Canada. One dialect recorded was that from a region in New Brunswick, while the other two dialects were from different areas in Saskatchewan. The two informants from Saskatchewan came from the central and southwest regions.Item Restricted Vowel shortening and T-voicing in Canadian English(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Campbell, A. LuellaThis paper will discuss three regional variations in Canadian dialects. Two of these regions have two rules, which do not seem to be present in the third dialect, Dialect C. These two rules differ in their ordering in the other two dialects, Dialects A and B. All three dialects have the general Canadian Raising Rule. The two rules, which are the subject for this paper, are the Vowel Shortening Rule and the T-Voicing Rule.Item Open Access Calgary Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 1, Winter 1975(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Klokeid, Terry J.; Roberts, Linda; Cook, Eung-Do; Stewart, Charlotte; Hofer, EarlThe ten papers presented in this first issue share the theme of the phonology of Canadian English. The authors were students in an undergraduate course on the history of English, winter term 1974. Some, but not all of the papers contain original observations. The common purpose of these articles is to make accessible to other undergraduate students materials dealing with Canadian English.Item Open Access A workbook in English syntax(University of Calgary, 1976-09) Klokeid, Terry J.There are perhaps 5,000 different human languages spoken around the world, and we know of a great many others which have gone out of use or which have been transformed into another language. Among all these languages, there is a fascinating richness in the variety of speech sounds and sentence patterns that are used. At the same time, this variation is not limitless. There exist striking and deep-seated similarities among the world's languages.Item Open Access Calgary Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 3, Fall 1976(University of Calgary, 1976-09) DeGuzman, Videa; Karra, Elizabeth; Klokeid, Terry J.; Roberts, Jessica L.This issue of Calgary Working Papers in Linguistics consists of A Workbook in English Syntax, by Terry J. Klokeid. It is a text used at The University of Calgary for some undergraduate courses in syntax. These courses emphasize the frameworks of network relational grammar and transformational generative grammar.Item Open Access Comparative and typological perspectives on the reconstruction of the Indo-European "gutturals"(University of Calgary, 1978-05) Southerland, Ronald HIn recent decades there has been a trend in Indo-European studies to place greater weight on typological considerations than on purely comparative evidence in reconstructions. The most oft-cited study in this regard is, of course, Jakobson (1972), in which the author introduced the notion of implicational universals and lauded the "predictive power" of typological studies in reconstruction (p. 304). The present paper takes issue with the blanket application of typological considerations to problems of comparative reconstruction. The specific problem addressed is the set of "guttural" (an out-dated but still handy cover term for the palatal, velar and labio-velars) stops in Proto-Indo-European.Item Open Access Ergative switching in Mabuyag(University of Calgary, 1978-05) Roberts, Jessica LeeIt is the intent of this thesis to examine a rule of syntax in Mabuyag, a language of the Western Torres Strait, and to determine what concerning this rule (called Ergative Swtiching (ES)) is language specific and what falls from a general theory. I show how a rule which appears to be language specific can be better accounted for as a part of a general theory rather than as a language specific fact.Item Open Access Another look at Tunica vowels(University of Calgary, 1978-05) Latimer, RichardIn several publications on Tunica, an extinct language once spoken in Louisiana, Mary Haas (1950, 1944) presents a vowel inventory which consists of seven phonemes. A close study of the morphophonemic alternations within the language suggests that there were only five underlying vowels and that the occurrence of [ɛ] and [ɔ] was predictable. In this paper, I will attempt to demonstrate that [ɛ] and [ɔ] are derived in two ways: (1) vowel coalescence and (2) assimilation. I will discuss the effects of each of these processes separately.Item Open Access Phonological explanation in the theory of phonetics: the distributional frequency of half-nasal consonants(University of Calgary, 1978-05) Herbert, Robert KThe past several years have witnessed a significant increase in the role accorded explanation within linguistic theory. There have been numerous attempts to explain linguistic phenomena on all levels of analysis by reference to linguistic and extralinguistic factors. This concern is not novel. The direction it has taken presently, however, can be traced to a dissatisfaction with the very formal and abstract conceptualization of explanation within early generative grammar. In this paper, I would like to consider briefly the present status of explanation in the area of intersection between phonology and phonetics and to suggest that just as we have come to recognize the perils of a phonetics-free theory of phonology, there can be no such phonology-free theory of phonetics.Item Open Access A case for non-phonological constraints on nasal substitution(University of Calgary, 1978-05) De Guzman, Videa POne problem in phonology which continues to puzzle linguists in the field of Western Austronesian has to do with nasal assimilation. This seemingly simple and pervasive phonological process across languages may manifest certain complexities when it involves a prefix ending with a nasal followed by a base with an initial oral consonant. Tagalog, a major Philippine language, best illustrates these complexities. The facts of the language show that while homorganic nasal assimilation applies quite generally across morpheme boundaries, the related process called nasal substitution operates under certain restrictions which are not necessarily phonological.Item Open Access The Greek character of Ancient Iberian inscriptions*(University of Calgary, 1978-05) Anderson, James MPre-Roman, non-Celtic Iberian inscriptions, dating from the fifth to the first centuries, B.C. and written in a semi-syllabic orthography of Eastern Mediterranean origins, remain generally undeciphered. That some of the Iberian funeral inscriptions would have been recorded in the Greek language, however, seems logical, certainly after the fact, as Greek trading settlements occupied areas of the Western Mediterranean coasts from the Rhone river to Gibraltar for nearly two centuries before the appearance of the first Iberian inscriptions.Item Open Access Calgary Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 4, Spring 1978(University of Calgary, 1978-05) De Guzman, Videa P.; Herbert, Robert K.This issue is the fourth in the series of working papers published by LOGOS, the student linguistics club at The University of Calgary. The series provides a vehicle for publications by faculty members and students; these papers represent research in progress and are therefore not to be considered as final statements by the authors. The appearance of these articles in the current issue does not preclude their publication in altered form elsewhere.