Cumming School of Medicine Research & Publications

Permanent URI for this collection

https://prism.ucalgary.ca/handle/1880/100024

Browse

Recent Submissions

Now showing 1 - 5 of 817
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Embargo
    The contribution of modifiable risk factors to socioeconomic inequities in cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality: a nationally representative population-based cohort study
    (Elsevier, 2023-04-12) Nejatinamini, Sara; Campbell, David JT; Godley, Jenny; Minaker, Leia M; Sajobi, Tolulope T; McCormack, Gavin R; Olstad, Dana Lee
    This study examined the individual and joint effects of modifiable risk factors mediating the associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in a nationally representative sample of adults in Canada. Participants in the Canadian Community Health Survey (n=289,800) were followed longitudinally for CVD morbidity and mortality using administrative health and mortality data. SEP was measured as a latent variable consisting of household income and individual educational attainment. Mediators included smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes and hypertension. The primary outcome was CVD morbidity and mortality, defined as the first fatal/nonfatal CVD event during follow-up (median 6.2 years). Generalized structural equation modeling tested the mediating effects of modifiable risk factors in associations between SEP and CVD in the total population and stratified by sex. Lower SEP was associated with 2.5 times increased odds of CVD morbidity and mortality (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 2.28, 2.76). Modifiable risk factors mediated 74% of associations between SEP and CVD morbidity and mortality in the total population and were more important mediators of associations in females (83%) than males (62%). Smoking mediated these associations independently and jointly with other mediators. The mediating effects of physical inactivity were through joint mediating effects with obesity, diabetes or hypertension. There were additional joint mediating effects of obesity through diabetes or hypertension in females. Findings point to modifiable risk factors as important targets for interventions along with interventions that target structural determinants of health to reduce socioeconomic inequities in CVD.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    A Longitudinal Seroepidemiology Study to Evaluate Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Vaccination in Children in Calgary, Canada from July 2020 to September 2022.
    (Canadian Immunization Conference, 2023-04-19) Doucette, Emily Jayne; Kellner, James Duncan
    Introduction: Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropositivity is important to accurately understand exposure to infection and/or vaccination in populations. Methods: A cohort of children with or without prior SARS-CoV-2 infections was enrolled in Calgary, Canada in 2020. Venous blood was sampled 4 times from July 2020 to April 2022 for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike antibodies, with an additional 5th visit in the fall of 2022. Demographic and clinical information was obtained including SARS-CoV-2 test results and vaccination records. Results and analysis: 1035 children were enrolled and 88.9% completed 4 visits; median age 9 years (IQR: 5,13); 519 (50.1%) female; and 815 (78.7%) Caucasian. 477 (46.1%) participants attended Visit 5. Before enrollment, 118 (11.4%) had confirmed or probable SARS-CoV-2 infection. By September 2022, the total cumulative percentage of previously uninfected participants diagnosed with COVID-19 was 53.9% by Visit 5. (0/917 (0%), 15/873 (1.7%), 31/837 (3.7%), 280/820 (34.1%), and 63/439 (14.4%) at Visits 1-5, respectively). Nucleocapsid antibody seropositivity declined to 18.0% after more than 200 days after diagnosis. In contrast, spike antibodies remained elevated in 97.6% of unvaccinated children after more than 400 days after diagnosis. By September 2022, 97.1% (232/239) of children 12 years and older, 85.9% (171/199) of children 5-11, and 15.4% (6/39) of children under 5 received at least 1 dose of vaccine. At that time, all 409 vaccinated children had spike antibodies, compared with 38/64 (59.4%) of unvaccinated children (P<0.001 for comparison of proportions). Conclusions: By September 2022, most children in the study had a serologic response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus from infection and/or vaccination, with unvaccinated children much less likely to have a serologic response. Ongoing studies of serologic status are needed to estimate population levels of virus exposure and durability of antibody response after infection and/or vaccination.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    A scoping review of frameworks that address wellness in medical learners
    (2023-03-21) Hinds, Shannon; de Groot, Janet; Heirali, Alya; McClurg, Caitlin; Kassam, Aliya
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Embargo
    Impact of a farmers’ market healthy food subsidy on the diet quality of adults with low incomes in British Columbia, Canada: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
    (Elsevier, 2023-02-01) Aktary, Michelle L.; Dunn, Sharlette; Sajobi, Tolulope; O'Hara, Heather; Leblanc, Peter; McCormack, Gavin R.; Caron-Roy, Stephanie; Ball, Kylie; Lee, Yun Yun; Nejatinamini, Sara; Reimer, Raylene A.; Pan, Bo; Minaker, Leia M.; Raine, Kim D.; Godley, Jenny; Downs, Shauna; Nykiforuk, Candace I.J.; Olstad, Dana Lee
    Adults with low incomes have lower diet quality than their higher income counterparts. In Canada, the British Columbia Farmers’ Market Nutrition Coupon Program (FMNCP) provides coupons to low-income households to purchase healthy foods in farmers’ markets.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Open Access
    AVID: The Anatomy Video and Imagery Diversity Project
    (2023-01-20) Jamniczky, Heather; Anderson, Sarah; Andrews, Dave; Willetts, Lian
    AVID is an Open Educational Resource that comprises a database of freely available original images and videos that properly showcase the range of human diversity and that are of sufficient detail and quality to support excellent anatomical teaching across multiple disciplines and levels of learner expertise. We aim to better represent the diversity of people in the population by reflecting different genders, people of different skin tones, body sizes, and compositions, and to provide access to resources that are currently severely lacking in higher education. This OER is designed to support learners directly by providing a zero-cost alternative to traditionally expensive anatomical textbooks, and further to provide paid opportunities for students who are historically underrepresented in health sciences and allied health education to develop their own educational leadership and to provide opportunities for visibility and representation for these students in the anatomical sciences.