Young children in different linguistic environments: A multimodal neuroimaging study of the inferior frontal gyrus
Date
2018-07-11
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies show that bilingual adults display structural and functional brain alterations, especially in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), dependent on when they learned their second language. However, it is unclear whether these differences are due to early exposure to another language, or to lifelong adaptation. We studied 22 children aged 3-5 years growing up in a multilingual environment and 22 age- and sex-matched controls exposed to an English-only environment. Resting-state functional MRI and T1-weighted MRI were used to assess functional connectivity and structure of the IFG. Children in a multilingual environment had higher functional connectivity between the left IFG and dorsal language and attention areas compared to children from a monolingual environment. Children in a multilingual environment also displayed decreased functional connectivity to temporal, anterior cingulate, and prefrontal areas. No significant group differences in IFG structure were observed. Our results suggest a more integrated functional language network, which is more segregated from other networks, in children who grow up in a multilingual environment. These findings suggest that functional alterations to the IFG due to second language learning occur early, while structural changes may not be apparent until later.
Description
This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), funding reference numbers IHD-134090 and MOP-136797, and a grant from the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute. Salary support provided by the University of Calgary’s NSERC CREATE I3T program (XL) and CIHR (CL).
Keywords
Bilingualism, fMRI, Language, Inferior frontal gyrus, Brain structure, French, Children
Citation
Thieba, C., Long, X., Dewey, D., & Lebel, C. A. (2018). Young children in different linguistic environments: A multimodal neuroimaging study of the inferior frontal gyrus. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2018.05.009