Sleep and mental health in pregnancy during COVID-19: A parallel process growth model
Date
2022-07-21
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with elevated risk for poor sleep quality, which increases the risk for poor obstetrical outcomes and parent mental health problems. The COVID-19 pandemic has seen increased reports of disturbed sleep worldwide; however, the degree this extends to pregnancy or influences pregnancy mental health outcomes has not been examined. The goal of this study was to examine changes in pregnant individuals’ sleep, anxiety and depression during the pandemic, and to understand how sleep was associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression over time. The Pregnancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic (PdP) study is a prospective longitudinal cohort of pregnant individuals (at enrollment) with repeated follow ups during pregnancy and the postpartum period. 3747 pregnant individuals participated between April and July 2020. The present analysis was restricted to participants who completed at least two assessments, yielding a final sample of 1842 pregnant individuals. Depression symptoms were elevated at baseline, and declined gradually over time, but remained elevated relative to pre pandemic levels. Shorter sleep duration, higher sleep disturbance, and more sleep related impairments at baseline predicted a slower decline in depression symptoms over time. More sleep disturbances at baseline also predicted slower decline in anxiety symptoms over time. In contrast, rates of depression and anxiety symptoms at baseline were not predictive of changes in any of the three sleep variables over time. These findings highlight the importance of early intervention for sleep problems in pregnancy, in order to optimize mental health throughout pregnancy and mitigate long term negative outcomes.
Description
Keywords
Pregnancy, Sleep, Anxiety, Depression, COVID 19, pandemic, longitudinal
Citation
Tomfohr-Madsen, L., Rioux, C., MacKinnon, A., Silang, K., Roos, L., Lebel, C., & Giesbrecht, G. F. (n.d.). Sleep and mental health in pregnancy during COVID-19: A parallel process growth model. Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2022.05.011